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Chapter 21
Immunity Slide 1-19
51
Anatomy
Undergraduate 2
02/17/2010

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Term
What are the two intrinsic systems of the immune system
Definition
Innate and Adaptive
Term
What is the nonspecific defense system
Definition
Innate
Term
What is the specific defense system
Definition
Adaptive
Term
What does immunity refer to
Definition
Resistance to disease
Term
What are the 2 lines of defense in the Innate defense system
Definition
First line of defense= Skin and Mucosae
Second line of defense=Antimicrobial proteins, phagocytes and other cells
Term
What are the 2 functions of the second line of defense
Definition
Inhibit spread of invaders
Inflammation is the most important mechanism
Term
What is the third line of defense attack? Specific or non-specific?
Definition
attacks particular foreign substances
Very specific.
Term
What system takes longer to react? Innate or Adaptive
Definition
Adaptive
Term
What type of cells are involved in our adaptive system?
Definition
T-cells B-cells
Term
What are T-Cells involved with?
Definition
Cell-mediated response
Term
what are B-Cells involved in
Definition
Humoral (antibody)response
Term
Innate and adaptive defenses are deeply __________
Definition
Intertwined
Term
Non Specific, No Memory
What is this describing
Definition
Innate defenses
Term
What 5 things are involved in our internal Innate defense system?
Definition
Phagocytes, Natural Killer (NK)Cells Inflammation, Antimicrobial Proteins, Fever.
Term
What are the surface barriers
Definition
Skin, Mucous membranes, and their Secretions
Term
Function of Surface barriers
Definition
Surrace barriers act as a physical barrier to most microorganisms
Term
What does keratin's function
Definition
Keratin is resistant to weak acids and bases, baccterial enzymes, and toxins
Term
What are some protective chemicals that inhibit or destroy microorganisms
Definition
skin Acidity
Lipids in sebum
Dermcidin in sweat
HCL and protein digesting enzymes of stomach mucosae
Lysozyme of saliva and lacrimal fluid destroy bacteria
Mucus catches dust
Term
What are some respiratory specific modifications?
Definition
Mucus coated nose hairs
Cilia of upper respiratory tract
Term
What is the function of the cilia in the upper respiratory tract?
Definition
sweep dust and bacteria laden mucus from lower respiratory passages
Term
What necessitates Internal Defenses to be activated
Definition
If microorganisms invade deeper tissues than the skin.
Term
What are two examples of phagocytes
Definition
Macrophages and neutrophils
Term
What do Natural Killer cells attack
Definition
Virus infected cells and cancer cells
Term
What are involved in the inflammatory response
Definition
Macrophages, mast cells, wBCs, and inflammatory chemicals
Term
What are two antimicrobial proteins
Definition
Interferons and complement proteins
Term
What are macrophages function
Definition
they are general Scavengers
Term
What are Neutrophils function
Definition
they become phagocytic when encountering infectious material
Term
What
Definition
Term
What is Eosinopils function
Definition
they are weakly phagocytic against parasitic worms
Term
What are mast cells function
Definition
they bind and ingest a wide range of bacteria.
Term
What do Basophils secrete
Definition
Histamines which cause inflammation to occur
Term
What do macrophages develop from
Definition
Monocytes
Term
What type of macrophages wander through tissue spaces? Example
Definition
Free macrophates
Alveolar macrophages
Term
what kind of macrophages are permanent residents of some organs? Example and location
Definition
Fixed Macrophates
Kupffer cells (liver)
Microglia (Brain)
Term
Define Pseudopod
Definition
False Feet. Cytoplsmic extententions uset to pull bacteria toward itself for ingesting
Term
When do Neutrophils become phagocytic?
Definition
When they encounter infectious material in tissues
Term
Microglia loc
Definition
central nervous system
Term
Alveolar macrophates loc
Definition
lung
Term
Kupffer cells loc
Definition
liver
Term
Dendritic (Langerhan cells) loc
Definition
Skin
Term
Monocytes Loc
Definition
Blood
Term
Tissue macrophages loc
Definition
All tissues including
Spleen
Lymph nodes
Liver
lung
Skin
Term
Mast cells loc
Definition
blood
tissues
Term
Neutrophils location
Definition
Blood
All tissues
Term
What is opsonization
Definition
the coating of pathogen by complement proteins or antibodies
Term
What is the particle that is going to be engulfed called
Definition
antigen
Term
What is the vessel inside a phagocyte that contains the antigen called
Definition
Phagosome
Term
What is it called when a phagosome fuses with a lysosome
Definition
Phagolysosome
Term
What ultimately digest the antigens in the phagolysososmes
Definition
Proteolytic enzymes
Term
What is the proccess in which a phagolysosome removes its digested antigens called
Definition
Exocytosis
Term
What do lysosomes contain
Definition
Hydrolytic enzymes that degrade bacteria
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