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Chapter 20 - The Lymphatic/ Immune Systems
Chapter 20 - The Lymphatic/ Immune Systems
106
Anatomy
Undergraduate 2
11/12/2015

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Term
what are the Main structures of the lymphatic system?
Definition
Lymphatic vessels
Term
Lymphatic vessels transport _______ and _______ that escape from capillaries back to the heart
Definition
fluid and proteins
Term
Lymphatic vessels Provide a means by which d_____ o_______ and d______ c__________ travel throughout the body
Definition
disease organisms and diseased cells
Term
Lymphatic vessels Carry _________ from the intestine to blood
Definition
absorbed fat
Term
what are the 3 Main components of the immune system?
Definition
Lymphocytes, lymphoid tissue, and lymphoid organs
Term
what are the 5 lymphoid organs?
Definition
spleen, thymus, lymph nodes, tonsils, and appendix
Term
the immune system functions in containing and destroying ______ _________
Definition
diseased organisms
Term
Lymphatic vessels collect _____ from tissue
Definition
lymph
Term
Lymphatic vessels Carry fluid to great veins in the ____ then back to the heart
Definition
neck
Term
Lymphatic fluid flows only toward the _____
Definition
heart
Term
smallest – first receive lymph
Definition
Lymph capillaries
Term
collect from lymph capillaries
Definition
Lymphatic collecting vessels
Term
scattered along collecting vessels
Definition
Lymph nodes
Term
collect lymph from collecting vessels
Definition
Lymph trunks
Term
empty into veins of the neck
Definition
Lymph ducts
Term
Lymphatic Vessels Collect excess t____ f______ and b_______ p_____
Definition
tissue fluid and blood proteins
Term
located near blood capillaries; walls consist of single layer of endothelial cells
Definition
Lymph capillaries
Term
Lymph capillaries Receive tissue fluid from connective tissue and are extremely p__________
Definition
permeable
Term
leaked blood is known as ______ ___
Definition
lymph fluid
Term
Increased volume of tissue fluid causes leaked blood (lymph fluid) to enter lymph capillaries through ________ that open and allow fluid to enter
Definition
minivalve flaps
Term
what are the 3 Main components of the immune system?
Definition
Lymphocytes, lymphoid tissue, and lymphoid organs
Term
what are the 5 lymphoid organs?
Definition
spleen, thymus, lymph nodes, tonsils, and appendix
Term
the immune system's function is to...
Definition
contain and destroy diseased organisms
Term
Highly permeability allows: Uptake of ____________
Definition
tissue fluid
Term
Highly permeability allows: entrance of _____, _______, and ______ ________
Definition
bacteria, viruses, and cancer cells
Term
specialized lymphatic capillaries located in the villi of the small intestines that receive digested fats (fatty lymph) called chyle
Definition
Lacteals
Term
digested fats (fatty lymph) is also known as _______
Definition
chyle
Term
Lymphatic Collecting Vessels accompany ______ _______
Definition
blood vessels
Term
Lymphatic Collecting Vessels are Composed of the same three ______ as blood vessels
Definition
tunics
Term
Lymphatic Collecting Vessels Contain more ______ that help direct the flow of blood
Definition
valves
Term
Lymph is propelled by: Bulging of ________ _______
Definition
skeletal muscles
Term
Lymph is propelled by: Pulsing of _______ _______
Definition
nearby arteries
Term
Lymph is propelled by: the _____ ______ of lymph vessels
Definition
Tunica media
Term
Lymph Nodes cleanse the lymph of _________
Definition
pathogens
Term
each Lymph Node contains many __________
Definition
macrophages
Term
the Human body contains approximately _______ Lymph Nodes
Definition
500
Term
Lymph nodes are organized in _______
Definition
clusters
Term
Lymphatic collecting vessels converge to form larger ______ _____
Definition
lymph trunks
Term
receives lymph from lower limbs, pelvic organs, and ant. abdominal wall (paired)
Definition
Lumbar trunks
Term
receives chyle from digestive organs (unpaired)
Definition
Intestinal trunk
Term
ascends near trachea; collects lymph from thoracic viscera (paired)
Definition
Bronchomediastinal trunks
Term
receive lymph from upper limbs and superior thoracic wall; near base of neck (paired)
Definition
Subclavian trunks
Term
these trunks drain lymph from the head and neck (paired)
Definition
Jugular trunks
Term
Lymphatic trunks drain into _______ _______ that lead to neck veins
Definition
lymphatic ducts
Term
the Thoracic duct ascends along vertebral bodies and empties into venous circulation at the junction of _________ and _________
Definition
left internal jugular and left subclavian veins;
Term
how much lymph of the body does the Thoracic duct drain?
Definition
three quarters
Term
the Thoracic duct ascends along ______ ________
Definition
vertebral bodies
Term
most inferior part of thoracic duct
Definition
Cisterna chyli
Term
Cisterna chyli is located at the union of ______ and ______ trunks
Definition
lumbar and intestinal
Term
Empties into right internal jugular and subclavian veins
Definition
Right lymphatic duct
Term
recognizes specific foreign molecules, destroys pathogens effectively
Definition
The immune system
Term
what are the key cells of the immune system?
Definition
lymphocytes
Term
directly attack antigen-bearing cells, lyse them and mark them for programmed cell death
Definition
Cytotoxic T lymphocytes
Term
most important tissue of the immune system = special C.T. in which vast quantities of lymphocytes gather
Definition
Lymphoid tissue
Term
Mucous membranes of digestive, urinary, respiratory, and reproductive tracts
Definition
Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT)
Term
bone marrow (where B lymphocytes mature), and thymus (where T lymphocytes mature)
Definition
Primary lymphoid organs
Term
lymph nodes, spleen, tonsils, lymphoid nodules in small
intestine, and appendix
Definition
Secondary lymphoid organs
Term
Lymphoid organs are designed to ______ and ________ infectious microorganisms
Definition
gather and destroy
Term
where immature lymphocytes develop into T lymphocytes
Definition
Thymus
Term
this word means to cause dissolution or destruction
Definition
lyse
Term
The immune system recognizes s______ f_____ molecules
Definition
specific foreign
Term
The immune system destroys p________ effectively
Definition
pathogens
Term
The immune system consists of l_________ and L_____ t______
Definition
lymphocytes and Lymphoid tissue
Term
Infectious organisms attacked by ___________ response
Definition
inflammatory
Term
M_________ attack before lymphocytes during an inflammatory response
Definition
macrophages
Term
multiply and differentiate into plasma cells, which secrete antibodies
Definition
B lymphocytes
Term
the Thymus secretes ______ hormones
Definition
thymic
Term
the Thymus is mostly active in ___________
Definition
childhood
Term
the functional tissue of the thymus atrophies with age and is replaced with f________ & f___________ tissue
Definition
fibrous and fatty tissue
Term
the Thymus has 2 lobes located in the s_______ t_______ and i_______ n_______, just posterior to the sternum
Definition
superior thorax and inferior neck
Term
the Thymus does not directly fight _______
Definition
antigens
Term
the Thymus functions only in the __________ of T lymphocytes
Definition
maturation
Term
the thymus is composed of c________ s____________ and m_______ d___________
Definition
cortex superficially and medulla deeper
Term
Medulla contains _________ __________ where T-lymphocytes develop the ability to recognize “self”
Definition
Hassall’s corpuscles
Term
Lymph __________ through lymph sinuses
Definition
percolates
Term
Most antigenic challenges occur in _____ _______
Definition
lymph nodes
Term
lymph nodes activate ________________
Definition
B and T lymphocytes
Term
unpaired organ; lies in the left superior quadrant of abdominal cavity, just posterior to stomach; largest lymphoid organ (~ fist sized)
Definition
Spleen
Term
Spleen functions in the removal of b____-b_____ a_______
Definition
blood-borne antigens
Term
Spleen functions in the removal and destruction of old/defective _________ cells by macrophages
Definition
blood
Term
the Spleen functions as the Site of ___________ in the fetus
Definition
hematopoiesis
Term
Spleen stores ________ throughout life
Definition
platelets
Term
thick sleeves of lymphoid tissue; performs immune functions
Definition
White pulp
Term
swellings of mucosa lining the pharynx; simplest lymphoid organs
Definition
Tonsils
Term
directly posterior to mouth lateral to pharynx
Definition
Palatine
Term
on posterior surface of tongue
Definition
Lingual
Term
on pharyngeal roof
Definition
Pharyngeal = adenoids
Term
just behind openings of pharyngotympanic tubes in pharynx
Definition
Tubal tonsils
Term
Tonsils are Arranged in a ____ to gather and remove pathogens
Definition
ring
Term
Underlying C.T. (lamina propria) of tonsils consists of _______
Definition
MALT
Term
MALT stands for ...
Definition
Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue
Term
(MALT) is abundant in walls of _________;
Definition
intestines
Term
MALT consistently fights _______ infection
Definition
bacteria
Term
MALT generates a wide variety of _________ __________
Definition
memory lymphocytes
Term
Aggregated lymphoid nodules are also known as .....
Definition
(Peyer’s patches)
Term
Aggregated lymphoid nodules consist of Clusters of l_____ f_____
Definition
lymphoid follicles
Term
there are approxiamtely ___ Aggregated lymphoid nodules present in the distal part of the small intestine (ileum)
Definition
40
Term
each Aggregated lymphoid nodule is approximately __cm wide and long
Definition
1
Term
tubular offshoot of the cecum (1st part of the large intestine)
Definition
Appendix
Term
how much of the thickness of the appendix wall consists of MALT?
Definition
Over half
Term
Aggregated lymphoid nodules are also known as .....
Definition
(Peyer’s patches)
Term
Aggregated lymphoid nodules consist of Clusters of l_____ f_____
Definition
lymphoid follicles
Term
there are approxiamtely ___ Aggregated lymphoid nodules present in the distal part of the small intestine (ileum)
Definition
40
Term
each Aggregated lymphoid nodule is approximately __cm wide and long
Definition
1
Term
tubular offshoot of the cecum (1st part of the large intestine)
Definition
Appendix
Term
how much of the thickness of the appendix wall consists of MALT?
Definition
Over half
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