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Chapter 20 and 21//
French Revn AND Napoleonic Era
48
History
Undergraduate 1
02/25/2009

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Term
Sovereignty
Definition
the people alone have the right to make the laws limiting individual freedom of action;
Term
Liberty
Definition
Individual Rights//End to Censorship, Freedom to worship, Clearly defined laws
Term
liberalism
Definition
Reflected the Enlightenment's stress on human diginity, personal liberty, andhuman happiness and faith in science, rationality, and progress.
Term
Bourgeiosie
Definition
Well-Educated, Middle-Class, Prosperous, Merchants. Third Estate
Term
First Estate
Definition
Clergy. 1% of Population. Paid no taxes, only "voluntary gifts" every 5 years.
Term
Second Estate
Definition
Nobility. 2% of Population. Light Taxes.
Term
Third Estate
Definition
Bourgeosie and commoners. 97%.
Term
Old Regime/Old Order
Definition
The Estates/Caste system
Term
Causes of French Revn
Definition
Abolishment of the 2nd Estate, Great Fear, Storming of the Bastille
Term
Estates General
Definition
Congress; Passes all laws and taxes
Term
National Assembly
Definition
Formly the Third estate; Pledged not to disband until they had a written constitution.
Term
Tennis Court Oath
Definition
After being excluded from their hall on June 20, the 3rd estate met at a tennis court and pledged this oath.
Term
Bastille
Definition
A military fortress; Stormed in 1789 thus causing the Frnch Revn.
Term
Great Fear
Definition
Revnloutionary Spirit spills into the countryside; Peasants attacked Nobles mob-style who then fled
Term
Emigres
Definition
Nobles who fled during the Great Fear
Term
Declaration of the Rights of Man
Definition
All Men are born equal and free; Supported the French, National Rights, and Constituional Monarchy
Term
Declaration of the Rights of Women
Definition
Women marched on Versailles, claiming they wanted the same rights as men
Term
Civil Constitution of the Clergy
Definition
Addresses Priets; To be elected, and forced to take loyalty oath
Term
Legislative Assembly
Definition
New Gov't post Louis (16) signing of the constitution; Men only
Term
Jacobins
Definition
Radical Political group; Dominated the Legislative Assembly; Caused France to go to war with France
Term
National Convention
Definition
Monarchy over Republic; July changes to Thermidor;Everyone is called citizen
Term
Robespierre
Definition
Forms committee of public safety;Purpose to get rid of enemies of the Republic;1794=executed by guilloitine
Term
Revolutionary Was of Expansion
Definition
Term
Committee of Public Safety
Definition
Term
Reign of Terror
Definition
Term
Directory
Definition
5 individuals who share power
Term
Thermodorian Rxn
Definition
When Robespierre is overthrown and executed the Diectory is established and the National Convention is dissolved.
Term
Napolean Bonaparte
Definition
French War Hero; Former members of the Legislative Assembly band together to support
Term
First Consul of Republic
Definition
Napolean Bonaparte;Dictatorship
Term
1801 Concorat
Definition
Pope Pius VII;Puts Sundays back on the calendar;allowed the Catholics freedom to worship and NAPLOEAN APPOINTED BISHOPS!
Term
1804 Civil Code
Definition
All males are free and equal, guarenteed security and property;Appeased Bourgeiose
Term
Reasons for Naploeans defeat
Definition
Neglected his Navy (Can't beat the British); Continental System ignored (economic rejection); 20 years of war made the home front tired; Invasion of Russia; and his huge ego.
Term
Industrial Revolution
Definition
term describing the boom of major inventions and technical changes witnessed in certain industries;transition from homemade to mechanical goods.
Term
Enclosure Movement
Definition
Wealthy landowners ask Parliament to allow them to enclose their land with gates;end of common rites; Only 1/2 of land gets enclosed
Term
Common Rights
Definition
Free farming on old fields; prior to the enclosure movement
Term
James Hargreaves
Definition
Inventor of the Spinning Jenny; 1765
Term
Richard Arkwright
Definition
Inventor of the Water Frame; Made the spinning Jenny faster
Term
Types of Energy
Definition
Coal/Fuel, Water/Steam
Term
James Watt
Definition
Modernizes the steam powered invention of Newcomen
Term
Thomas Newcomen
Definition
1st to use coal to heat water and thus produce steam; used to pump water out of coal mines
Term
Iron Industry
Definition
Train Tracks, Tubs, Oven/Stoves, Blast Furnaces (Bham, Alabama)
Term
George Stephenson
Definition
Inventor of the Rockett; A train which could travel up to 16 mph
Term
Crystal Palace
Definition
In London; Made completetly of Iron and Glass; "Workplace/shop of the World"; Produced 2/3 of the World's coal and 1/2 of the World's textile
Term
Essay on the Principle of Population
Definition
Written by Richard Malthius; Saying that populations grow faster than the food supply thus Famine, War, and Disease are necessary to limit population;Few children and Late marriages
Term
Iron Law of Wages
Definition
Wages drop with a growing population; If more people are willing to do the work they can equally pay everyonw a lower amount
Term
Proletariat
Definition
Working Class dependent on sumthing new; Wages
Term
Factory Act of 1833
Definition
Limited the workday for children ages 9-13 to 8 hours; 14-18 to 12 hours; No regulation of hours for children at home, or working in small businesses; Also children under 9 were not to be employed but enrolled in a school established by factory owners; CHILD LABOR DECLINEED; Family working was broke down
Term
Mines Act of 1842
Definition
Prohibited underground work for all women and boys under 10
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