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Chapter 2 Vocab
Chapter 2 Vocab
39
Anatomy
11th Grade
08/30/2010

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Term
Chemistry
Definition
The branch of science that considers the composition of matter.
Term
Elements
Definition
The fundamental substances that make up all matter.
Term
Atoms
Definition
The smallest complete unit of elements.
Term
Chemical Bonds
Definition
Attractive force between atoms.
Term
Nucleus
Definition
The dense core of atoms, composed of protons and neutrons.
Term
Atomic Number
Definition
The number of protons in a nucleus.
Term
Atomic Weight
Definition
The number of protons and neutrons in an atom.
Term
Isotopes
Definition
Atoms with the same atomic numbers but different atomic weights.
Term
Inert
Definition
Chemically inactive.
Term
Ions
Definition
Atoms that gain or lose electrons and become electrically charged.
Term
Ionic Bond
Definition
A chemical attraction between two ions by transfer of electrons.
Term
Covalent Bond
Definition
A chemical attraction between two atoms in which they share electrons.
Term
Hydrogen Bond
Definition
A weak chemical attraction between a hydrogen atom and an atom of oxygen or nitrogen.
Term
Molecule
Definition
A unit made up of two or more bonded atoms.
Term
Compounds
Definition
A substance made up two or more chemically bonded elements.
Term
Chemical Formula
Definition
A formula that represents the numbers and types of atoms in a molecule.
Term
Structural Formulas
Definition
Illustrations that show the single and double bonds between atoms.
Term
Synthesis
Definition
The reaction of when two or more atoms form a more complex structure.
Term
Decomposition
Definition
When the bonds within a molecule break to form a more simple structure.
Term
Exchange Reaction
Definition
A reaction where two different types of molecules trade positions as bonds are broken and new bonds are formed.
Term
Catalysts
Definition
Specific atoms or molecules that can change the speed of a reaction without being consumed in the process.
Term
Electrolytes
Definition
Substances that release ions in water.
Term
Acids
Definition
Electrolytes that release hydrogen ions in water.
Term
Bases
Definition
Electrolytes that release ions that bond with hydrogen ions.
Term
pH Scale
Definition
The scale that measures the hydrogen ion concentration in a substance.
Term
Organic Chemicals
Definition
Chemicals that include both carbon and hydrogen atoms.
Term
Inorganic Chemicals
Definition
Any chemicals that don't include both carbon and hydrogen atoms.
Term
Carbohydrates
Definition
Organic compounds containing carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a 1:2:1 ratio.
Term
Sugars
Definition
Carbohydrates with shorter chains.
Term
Monosaccharides
Definition
Simple sugars.
Term
Disaccharides
Definition
Double sugars.
Term
Polysaccharides
Definition
Multiple sugars.
Term
Lipids
Definition
Organic substances that are insoluble in water.
Term
Fats
Definition
An organic molecule that consists of glycerol and fatty acids.
Term
Steroids
Definition
Complex structures that consist of four interconnected rings of carbon atoms.
Term
Proteins
Definition
Nitrogen-containing organic compounds consisting of amino acids.
Term
Amino Acids
Definition
The building blocks of proteins.
Term
Nucleic Acids
Definition
Acids that form genes and take part in protein synthesis.
Term
Nucleotide
Definition
A building block of a nucleic acid molecule, consisting of a sugar, a nitrogenous base, and a phosphate group.
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