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Unit 1
Chapters: 1
70
Anatomy
12th Grade
09/01/2014

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Term
anatomy
Definition
to dissect the body for study
Term
systemic anatomy
Definition
study of the body by systems
Term
regional anatomy
Definition
study of the organization of the body by areas
Term
surface anatomy
Definition
study of ecternal features which serve as landmarks for deeper structures
Term
anatomic imaging
Definition
involves the use of X-rays, ultrasound, MRIs, and other techs to make pics of internal structures
Term
Physiology
Definition
scientific principle that deals with the processes/functions of living things
Term
MAJOR gAoLS OF PhySiolOgy
Definition
1. understand body's response to stimuli
2. to understand how the body maintains homeostasis in a dynamic world
Term
Physiological divisons
Definition
1. specific organmism (Humans)
2. levels of org within an organism (Human/systemic physiology)
Term
levels of organization
Definition
atom, molecule, cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism etc.
Term
types of tissue
Definition
epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous
Term
organ
Definition
made of 2+ tissue types that perform 1+ fucntions
Term
organ system
Definition
group of organs that are classified as a unit because of their common function or set therefof
Term
11 organ systems!!!
Definition
integumentary
skeletal
urinary
muscular
lymphatic
endocrine
circulatory
digestive
nervous
respiratory
reproducive
Term
sketletal syst
Definition
support and BC forming
bones, cartilage, ligaments, joints
Term
muscular syst
Definition
prodcues body movements, + body heat
muscles attached to bones by tendons
Term
integumentary syst
Definition
immune protection, temp reg, prevents water loss
skin, hair, nails, and sweat glands
Term
urinary syst
Definition
removes waste from blood, regs blood pH
kidneys, ureter, urinary bladder, urethra
Term
reprod syst
Definition
sperm prod/eject and hormones, fertilization site, fetal develop, and milk prod
ovaries, vag, uterus, mammary glands, testes, and the penis
Term
lymphatic syst
Definition
vs. disease, maintains tissue fluid balance, absorbs fat from digest tract
lymphatic vessels, nodes, and other lymph organs
Term
digestive syst
Definition
mechanical and chemical digest, elimination of solid waste
mouth, esophag, stom, intestine, etc.
Term
nervous syst
Definition
detects stimuli, controls: movements, physiologic processes, and mental functs
brain, spinal chord, nerves, and cauda equina
Term
endocrine syst
Definition
metabolism, growth, reprod, with cell signaling and hormones
hypothal,adrenals, and pituitary glands
Term
cardiovascular syst
Definition
trnasports nutrients/waste/gases/hormones immune response,reg body temp!!
heart, veins, arteries, blood, and its vessels
Term
respiratory syst
Definition
blood pH reg, and gas exchange
lungs, trachea
Term
characteristics of life
Definition
organization, metabolism, responsiveness, growth, development, reprod
Term
anatomic position
Definition
refers to a person standing erect, face forward, with upper limbs on sides, and palms of hand inward
Term
etymology
Definition
origin of words :)
Term
anatomic position important??
Definition
elbow above wrist?? SO CONFUSIN!!
Term
supine
Definition
lying face upward
Term
prone
Definition
lying face downward
Term
saggital plane
Definition
splits body into right and left sides
Term
median plane
Definition
saggital plane that is the midline of the body, separating it into equal halves
Term
transverse plane
Definition
horizontal plane; divides body into superior and inferior parts [parallel to ground!!!!]
Term
coronal plane
Definition
runs vert from r->l; divis body into anterior and posterior halves
Term
inferior/superior
Definition
lower/higher
Term
anterior/posterior
Definition
toward front/toward behind
Term
dorsal/ventral
Definition
toward back/toward front
Term
proximal/distal
Definition
closer to attachment site/further from attachment site
Term
lateral/medial
Definition
away from middle/middle or near middle of body
Term
superficial/deep
Definition
near surface/internal
Term
AB Subdivis (ON SIDES)
Definition
hypochon
lumbar
iliac
Term
AB Subdivis (IN MID-LE!!)
Definition
epigastric
umbilical
hypogastric
Term
Long Sect
Definition
cut through long axis of an organ
Term
Oblique secgt
Definition
cut at a right angle to the long axis of an organ
Term
transverse OR CROSS sect
Definition
cut made across the long axis that is not a right angle
Term
thoracic cavity
Definition
protected by ribs, and diaphragm
contains lungs and mediastinum
Term
mediastinum
Definition
divis thoracic cavity into r and l sections
has heart, thymus, trachea, and esophag
Term
abdominal cavity
Definition
bounded by ab muscles
contains: kidneys, stomach, liver, pancreas, gallbladder, intestines, and spleen
Term
pelvis cavity
Definition
enclosed by bones, contains urin bladd, lg. intestine parts,and internal reprod organs
Term
neg feed
Definition
RCCE (receptor, Control Cent, Effector!)
maintians a variable within its normal range
Term
pos feed
Definition
amplifies a deviating variable away from its normal range
Term
aspects of neg feed
Definition
RCCE
Term
pos feed examples
Definition
GEWD->Helper T cell activated by class II MHC colecule, releass interleuken 1 and II; interleuken I increases the activity of Helper Ts in pos feedback loop
BAHD-> too much loss in blood, blood press drops, and pos feedback causes blood press to continue to decrease
Term
neg feed examples
Definition
>blood sugar: R is pancreatic receptors, CC is the pancreas, effecotr is insulin and glucagon
>thermoreg: R is receptors hypothal and in skin to moniter eternal temp, CC is hypothal, E is sweat glands/blood vessels/skeletal muscles
Term
set point
Definition
the ideal value for a variable in homeostasis
Term
homeostasis
Definition
the maintenece of a relatively constant envrionment within the bodd
Term
receptor
Definition
moniters values of a variable
Term
control center
Definition
establishes normal range in which value is to be maintainesd
Term
effector
Definition
can change value of variable
Term
serous membs
Definition
Term
visceral serous memb
Definition
Term
parietal serous memb
Definition
Term
pericardial cavity
Definition
Term
pleural cavities
Definition
lines thoracic cav wall, contains pleura membs
Term
peritoneal cavity
Definition
abdominopelvic serous memb cavity + mesenteries
Term
retroperitoneal
Definition
no mesenteries, closer to body wall, KIDNEYS< PANC, ADRENALS
Term
Mesenteries
Definition
anchor organs to wall + route for BVs and NRVS
Term
peritoneum membs
Definition
serous memb in abdoninopelvic region
Term
pleura membs
Definition
thoracic cav membs serously!!! <- U iz qierdo -_-
Term
paricardium membs
Definition
paricardial membs ! Mediastinum (YAY U MEMBS THE MEMB CONATINER THINGEU :))
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