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Chapter 1 Vocab
government
38
History
11th Grade
11/01/2012

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Term
Aristotle
Definition
greek philosopher
Term
Autocracy
Definition
system of government in which the power to rule is in the hands of a single individual
Term
Bourgeoisie
Definition
capitalists who own the means of production
Term
Capitalism
Definition
economic system providing free choice and individual incentive for workers, investors, consumers, and business enterprises
Term
Command Economy
Definition
economic system in which the government controls the factors of production
Term
Communism
Definition
economic system in which the central government directs all major economic decisions
Term
Confederacy
Definition
a loose union of independent states
Term
Consensus
Definition
agreement about basic beliefs
Term
Constitution
Definition
plan that provides the rules for government
Term
Constitutional Government
Definition
government in which a constitution has authority to place clearly recognized limits on the powers of those who govern
Term
Constitutional Law
Definition
law that involves the interpretation and application of the U.S. Constitution and state constitutions
Term
Democracy
Definition
government in which the people rule
Term
Democratic Socialism
Definition
rejects centralized, elitist or authoritarian means of transitioning from capitalism to socialism.
Term
Developed nations
Definition
nation that is already developed industrially.
Term
Developing Nations
Definition
a nation that is only beginning to develop industrially
Term
Economics
Definition
study of human efforts to satisfy seemingly unlimited wants through the use of limited resources
Term
Ex Parte Endo V. United States
Definition
the Supreme Court ruled that, regardless of whether the United States Government had a right to exclude people of Japanese ancestry from the West Coast during World War II, they could not continue to detain a citizen that the government itself conceded was loyal to the United States.
Term
Federal System
Definition
government that divides the powers of government between the national government and state or provincial governments
Term
Free Enterprise
Definition
opportunity to control one's own economic decisions
Term
Free Market
Definition
economic system in which buyers and sellers make free choices in the marketplace
Term
Government
Definition
institution through which the state maintains social order, provides public services, and enforces binding decisions on citizens
Term
John Locke
Definition
known as the father of Liberalism
Term
Laissez-faire
Definition
government should keep its hands off the economy
Term
Monarchy
Definition
autocracy in which a king, queen, or emperor exercises supreme powers of government
Term
Nation
Definition
group of people united by bonds of race, language, custom, tradition, and, sometimes religion
Term
Nation-state
Definition
country in which the territory of both the nation and the state coincide
Term
Oligarchy
Definition
system of government in which a small group holds power
Term
Political Party
Definition
group of individuals with broad common interests who organize to nominate candidates for office, win elections, conduct government and determine public policy
Term
Politics
Definition
effort to control or influence the conduct and policies of government
Term
Preamble
Definition
statement in a constitution that sets forth the goals and purposes of government
Term
Proletariat
Definition
workers who produce the goods
Term
Republic
Definition
government in which voters hold sovereign power; elected representatives responsible to the people, exercise that power
Term
Social Contract
Definition
theory that by contract, people surrender to the state the power needed to maintain order and the state, in turn, agrees to protect its citizens
Term
Socialism
Definition
economic system in which the government owns the basic means of production, distributes the products and wages, and provides social services such as health care and welfare
Term
Sovereignty
Definition
the supreme and absolute authority within territorial boundaries
Term
State
Definition
political community that occupies a definite territory and has an organized government with the power to make and enforce laws without approval from any higher authority
Term
Thomas Hobbes
Definition
English philosopher, founder of most of the western political philosophy
Term
Unitary System
Definition
government that gives all key powers to the national or central government
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