Shared Flashcard Set

Details

Chapter 1, part 2
A&P overview, levels of structural organization, maintaining life, homeostasis, the language of anatomy
109
Anatomy
Undergraduate 3
05/19/2010

Additional Anatomy Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
homeostatic imbalance often results in what?
Definition

disease

Term
A _____________ feedback mechanism causes the variable to change in the same directon as the original change, resulting in a greater __________ from the set point.
Definition

Positive; deviation

Term
True or false: most positive feedback mechanisms are not related to the maintenance of homeostasis.
Definition

true

Term
Describe the anatomical position.
Definition

the body is erect, palms face forward,

thumbs point away from the body

Term

In anatomical position, right and left refer to the right and left sides of what?

Definition

The person viewed

Term

What position is always assumed in anatomy regardless of the actual position of the body?

Definition

Anatomical position

Term

___________ terms are used to explain exactly where one body part is in relation to another.

Definition

directional

Term

What are the two fundamental divisions of the body?

Definition

the axial region and the appendicular region

Term

what does the axial region consist of?

Definition

the head, neck and trunk

Term

What does the appendicular region consist of?

Definition

the upper and lower limbs

Term

Regional terms designate specific areas within the ______ and ______ divisions.

Definition

axial; appendicular

Term

What are body planes?

Definition

Flat surfaces that lie at right angles to each other

Term

What's a sagittal plane?

Definition

a vertical plane that separates the body into

right and left parts

Term

What are the two types of sagittal planes?

Definition

median or midsagittal; parasagittal

Term

What's a midsagittal plane?

Definition

a sagittal plane the lies exactly along the body's midline, separating the body into equal halves

Term

What's a parasagittal plane?

Definition

A sagittal plane that lies offset from the midline, separating the body into two unequal sides

Term

What's a frontal plane?

Definition

a vertical plane that separates the body into anterior and posterior parts (front and back)

Term

What's a transverse or horizontal plane?

Definition

a plane that runs horizontally from left to right, dividing the body into superior and inferior parts

Term

______________ are cuts made along specific planes

Definition

sections

Term

What's a transverse or cross section?

Definition

a cut made along the transverse plane, which divides the body into superior and inferior parts

Term

What's an oblique section?

Definition

diagonal cuts made at angles between the horizontal and vertical planes

Term

What are body cavities?

Definition

spaces within the body that are closed to the outside and contain the internal organs

Term

The ears are ________ to the nose.

Definition

lateral

Term

define intermediate.

Definition

between two structures

Term

define ventral

Definition

toward the front of the body

Term

define dorsal

Definition

toward the back of the body

Term

The head is _________ to the abdomen

Definition

superior

Term

bones are ____________ to your muscles

Definition

deep

Term

The navel is _________ to the chin.

Definition

inferior

Term

The breastbone is ________ to the spine.

Definition

anterior

Term

The heart is __________ to the breastbone.

Definition

posterior

Term

the heart is __________ to the arm.

Definition

medial

Term

The arms are __________ to the chest.

Definition

lateral

Term

The collarbone is ___________ between the breastbone and collar

Definition

intermediate

Term

The elbow is ________ to the wrist.

Definition

proximal

Term

The knee is ________ to the thigh.

Definition

distal

Term

The skin is ________ to the skeletal muscle.

Definition

superficial

Term

The lungs are _______ to the skin.

Definition

deep

Term

nasal

Definition

nose

Term

oral

Definition

mouth

Term

cervical

Definition

neck

Term

acromial

Definition

point of shoulder

Term

axillary

Definition

armpit

Term

antecubital

Definition

front/anterior of elbow

Term

brachial

Definition

arm

Term

antebrachial

Definition

forearm

Term

carpal

Definition

wrist

Term

pollex

Definition

thumb

Term

palmar

Definition

palm

Term

digital

Definition

fingers or toes

Term

pubic

Definition

genital region

Term

crural

Definition

leg

Term

pedal

Definition

foot

Term

tarsal

Definition

ankle

Term

frontal

Definition

forehead

Term

orbital

Definition

eye

Term

buccal

Definition

cheek

Term

mental

Definition

chin

Term

sternal

Definition

breastbone

Term

thoracic

Definition

chest

Term

mammary

Definition

breast

Term

umbilical

Definition

navel

Term

coxal

Definition

hip

Term

inguinal

Definition

groin

Term

femoral

Definition

thigh

Term

fibular or peroneal

Definition

side of leg

Term

hallux

Definition

great (big) toe

Term

posterior cephalic

Definition

head

Term

otic

Definition

ear

Term

occipital

Definition

back of head or base of skull

Term

manus

Definition

hand

Term

vertebral

Definition

spinal column

Term

dorsal

Definition

back

Term

sacral

Definition

between hips, posterior

Term

gluteal

Definition

buttock

Term

popliteal

Definition

back of knee

Term

sural

Definition

calf

Term

calcaneal

Definition

heel

Term

More than 90% of all anatomical structures match textbook descriptions. Two exceptions are:

Definition

   1. nerves or blood vessels may be out of place

   2. small muscles may be missing

Term

Name the the two main body cavities.

Definition

    1. dorsal cavity

    2. ventral cavity

Term

the __________ cavity protects the nervous system and is divided into cranial and vertebral cavities.

Definition

dorsal

Term

What are the two subdivisions of the dorsal cavity?

Definition

cranial cavity and vertebral cavity

Term

What's the location and function of the cranial cavity?

Definition

Within the skull; it encases the brain

Term

What's the location and function of the vertebral cavity?

Definition

it runs within the vertebral column; it encases the spinal cord

Term

The ___________ cavity houses the internal organs and is divided into the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities.

Definition

ventral

Term

The thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities are separated by what?

Definition

the diaphragm

Term

What's the more anterior and larger of the closed body cavities?

Definition

ventral cavity

Term

The thoracic cavity contains what two organs?

Definition

heart and lungs

Term

The _________ cavity contains the digestive organs.

Definition

abdominal

Term

another name for organs is?

Definition

viscera

Term

What organs does the pelvic cavity hold?

Definition

bladder, reproductive organs, rectum

Term

The vertebral cavity contains what?

Definition

spinal cord

Term

Cranial cavity contains what organ?

Definition

brain

Term

The thoracic cavity contains what three sub-cavities?

Definition

   1. superior medastinum

   2. pleural cavity

   3. pericardial cavity

Term

The mediastinum contains the __________ cavity; surrounds the remaining thoracic organs

Definition

pericardial

Term

what does the pericardial cavity do?

Definition

encloses the heart and surrounds the thoracic organs (esophagus, trachea, thymus)

Term

what organs does the abdominal cavity contain?

Definition

stomach, intestines, spleen, liver

Term

 

_________ membranes or _________ cover the inner walls of the ventral cavity and the outer surface of organs.

Definition

serous membranes or serosae

Term

The ________ serosa lines the body cavity walls and is named for the specific cavities it's associated with.

Definition

parietal

Term

The _________ serosa covers the outer sufaces of organs and is named for the specific organs it's associated with.

Definition

visceral

Term

Serous membranes secrete and are separated by a thin layer of lubrication fluid called ________.

Definition

serous fluid

Term

what's the purpose of serous fluid?

Definition

It allows organs to slide without friction along cavity walls and between each other.

Term

What are the nine abdominopelvic regions used primarily by anatomists?

Definition

right hypocondriac;

epigastric;

left hypogondriac;

right lumbar;

umbilical;

left lumbar;

right iliac/inguinal;

hypogastric;

left iliac/inguinal

Term

The four quadrants used primarily by medical personnel are:

Definition

right upper quadrant;

left upper quadrant;

right lower quadrant;

left lower quadrant

Term

Oral and digestive cavities are continuous cavities that extend from the ______ through the digestive system to the __________.

Definition

mouth; anus

Term

What cavity is within and posterior to the nose?

Definition

nasal cavity

Term

What cavities house the eyes?

Definition

orbital cavities

Term

What cavities are within the skull just medial to the eardrums,

housing the bones transmitting sound vibrations to the inner ear?

Definition

middle ear cavities

Term

What are synovial cavities?

Definition

joint cavities lined with a lubricating fluid-secreting membrane associated with all moveable joints.

Supporting users have an ad free experience!