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Chapter 19 : Blood Vessels
Chapter 19 : Blood Vessels
58
Anatomy
Undergraduate 2
11/09/2015

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Term
Blood is carried in a closed system of vessels that begins and ends at the ____?___
Definition
heart
Term
carry blood away from the heart
Definition
arteries.
Term
capillaries contact tissue cells and directly serve ______ needs
Definition
cellular
Term
carry blood toward the heart
Definition
veins
Term
Arteries and veins are composed of which three tunics?
Definition
tunica interna, tunica media, and tunica externa
Term
central blood-containing space surrounded by tunics
Definition
Lumen
Term
Capillaries are composed of endothelium with sparse b______ l_______
Definition
basal lamina
Term
endothelial layer that lines the lumen of all vessels
Definition
Tunica interna (tunica intima)
Term
In vessels larger than 1mm, a _____ is present
Definition
subendothelial C.T. (basement membrane)
Term
smooth muscle and elastic fiber layer, regulated by sympathetic nervous system; controls vasoconstriction & vasodilation
Definition
Tunica media
Term
reduction in lumen diameter
Definition
vasoconstriction
Term
increase in lumen diameters
Definition
vasodilation
Term
collagen fibers that protect and reinforce vessels
Definition
Tunica externa (tunica adventitia)
Term
The arterial system is divided into what 3 parts?
Definition
elastic arteries, muscular arteries and arterioles
Term
thick- walled arteries near the heart
Definition
Elastic (Conducting) Arteries
Term
Elastic (Conducting) Arteries contain ____ in all three tunics
Definition
elastin
Term
an example of Elastic (Conducting) Arteries is the ______ and _______
Definition
the aorta and its major branches
Term
Elastic (Conducting) Arteries have a ______ lumen that allows low-resistance conduction of blood
Definition
large
Term
Elastic (Conducting) Arteries withstand and smooth out _________ to allow blood to flow fairly continuously through the body
Definition
large blood pressure fluctuations
Term
have thick tunica media with more smooth muscle and less elastic tissue; active in vasoconstriction
Definition
Muscular (Distributing) arteries
Term
Muscular (Distributing) arteries are _____ to elastic arteries
Definition
distal
Term
Muscular (Distributing) arteries deliver blood to _________
Definition
body organs
Term
smallest arteries
Definition
Arterioles (Distributing)
Term
Arterioles lead to capillary beds and control flow into capillary beds via _______ and ________
Definition
vasodilation and vasoconstriction
Term
Arterioles lead to ________
Definition
capillary beds
Term
the smallest blood vessels; walls consisting of a thin tunica interna, one cell thick; allow only a single RBC to pass at a time
Definition
Capillaries
Term
(smooth muscle-like cells) on the outer surface of capillaries that stabilize their walls
Definition
pericytes
Term
_______ capillaries are the most common of capillaries.
Definition
Continuous
Term
Continuous capillaries abundant in the skin and muscles, and have: endothelial cells that provide a(n) ________________
Definition
uninterrupted lining
Term
adjacent cells of Continuous capillaries are held together with tight junctions but have _________ of unjoined membranes that allow the passage of fluids
Definition
intercellular clefts
Term
Continuous capillaries of the brain: have tight junctions completely around the endothelium; constitute the __________
Definition
blood-brain barrier
Term
Which type of Capillaries are found wherever active capillary absorption or filtrate formation occurs?
Definition
Fenestrated
Term
Fenestrated capillaries are Characterized by: an endothelium riddled with ________ allowing greater permeability to solutes and fluids than other capillaries
Definition
pores (fenestrations)
Term
Highly modified, leaky, fenestrated capillaries with large lumens, Found in the liver, bone marrow, lymphoid tissue, and in some
endocrine organs
Definition
Sinusoids
Term
Sinusoids Allow _____________ to pass between the blood and surrounding tissues
Definition
large molecules (proteins and blood cells)
Term
Blood flows ________ through Sinusoids, allowing for modification in various ways
Definition
sluggishly
Term
flow of blood through a capillary bed (from arteriole to venule)
Definition
Microcirculation
Term
the channel connecting an arteriole directly with a postcapillary venule
Definition
Vascular shunt
Term
10 to 100 per capillary bed; capillaries branch off the metarteriole
Definition
True capillaries
Term
regulates blood flow into the capillary;

p___________ s___________
Definition
Precapillary sphincter
Term
Blood flow is regulated by v_________ nerves and l_____ c_____ c____, so it can either bypass or flood the capillary bed
Definition
vasomotor nerves and local chemical conditions
Term
_________ are formed when capillary beds unite; allow fluids and WBCs to pass from the bloodstream to tissues
Definition
Venules
Term
smallest venules, composed of endothelium and a few pericytes

p__________ v_____________
Definition
Postcapillary venules
Term
Large venules have one or two layers of ___________
Definition
smooth muscle (tunica media)
Term
are formed when venules converge
Definition
Veins
Term
veins are capacitance vessels (blood reservoirs) that contain __% of the blood supply;
Definition
65
Term
veins have much lower blood pressure and thinner walls than ______
Definition
arteries
Term
specialized, flattened veins with extremely thin walls
(e.g., coronary sinus of the heart and dural sinuses of the brain)
Definition
Venous sinuses
Term
To return blood to the heart, veins have special adaptations: ____________, which offer little resistance to flow
Definition
large- diameter lumens
Term
veins have valves (resembling semilunar heart valves), which prevent _____________
Definition
backflow of blood
Term
Which 3 are examples of places where capillary formation and filtrate absorption occur?
Definition
small intestines, endocrine glands, and kidneys
Term
True capillaries return to the t__________ c_______ at the distal end of the bed
Definition
thoroughfare channel
Term
interwoven networks of capillaries
Definition
Capillary bed
Term
blood flow can either b_______ or f______ to the capillary bed
Definition
bypass or flood
Term
Precapillary sphincters are a cuffs of smooth muscle that surround each t__________ c__________
Definition
true capillary
Term
what are 2 other names for vascular shunts ?
Definition
metarterioles or thoroughfare channels
Term
What is another name for tunica externa?
Definition
Tunica adventitia
Term
Elastic (Conducting) Arteries have a large lumen that allows l______-r______ conduction of blood
Definition
low-resistance
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