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Chapter 18: Blood
Lecture Outline Cards for Ch18
19
Anatomy
Undergraduate 1
10/26/2016

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Cards

Term
What is the components of blood?
Definition
Plasma, Buffy Coat (WBC's), and RBC's (45%)
Term
What is the composition of plasma?
Definition
Water (90%), and solutes (proteins, nutrients&ions, hormones&vitamins, and wastes)
Term
What are the plasma proteins?
Definition
Albumin: helps control osmotic pressure and diffusion of water
Globulins: antibodies and transport proteins
Fibrinogen: involved in clotting
Term
What is the purpose of serum in blood?
Definition
composed of blood plasma except for the clotting factors. Maintains osmotic pressures and transport hormones and fatty acids
Term
What are the formed elements of blood?
Definition
erythrocytes (RBC), leukocytes (WBC), and platelets
Term
What is the structure of RBCs?
Definition
-bioconcave
-plasma membrane
-cytoplasm (with hemoglobin and no nucleus/organelles)
-flexible and elastic
Term
What is the function of RBCs?
Definition
carries oxygen throughout the body
takes carbon dioxide to the lungs to exhale
Term
What's the function of hemoglobin?
Definition
binds oxygen
Term
What is the basic functions of WBCs?
Definition
-protect against bacteria, viruses, parasites
-diapedesis: leave capillary by squeezing between endothelial cells
-ameboid movement: travels to infection
Term
What are granulocytes? examples?
Definition
a white blood cell with secretory granules in its cytoplasm
(ex. neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils)
Term
What is the structure and function of a neutrophil? % of WBCs
Definition
[image]
Structure: 3-4 lobed nucleus and light staining granules
Function: phagocytize (eat) & destroy bacteria
first cells to respond to infection
secrete antibacterial chemicals
~60% WBCs
Term
What is the structure and function of a eosinophil? % of WBCs
Definition
[image]
Structure: 2 lobed nucleus and eosin-staining granules
Function: phagocytize allergen-Ab complexes
secrete antihistamine
attack parasites
~1-4% WBCs
Term
What is the structure and function of a basophil? % of WBCs
Definition
[image]
Structure: 2 lobed nucleus and large granules stained dark purple
Function: releases histamine, creating inflammation in allergic reactions
<1% WBCs
Term
What are agranulocytes? examples?
Definition
a white blood cell with a one-lobed nucleus without granules
(ex. lymphocytes, monocytes)
Term
What is the structure and function of lymphocytes?
Definition
[image]
Structure: spherical, dark-staining nucleus
Function: T lymphocytes can directly attack foreign cells
B lymphocytes transform into plasma cells and secrete antibodies
Term
What is the structure and function of monocytes?
Definition
[image]
Structure: horseshoe shaped nucleus, grey-blue stained cytoplasm
Function: become wandering macrophages after diapedesis
Term
What are the origin and function of platelets?
Definition
Origin: fragments of megakaryocytes in bone marrow
Function: attracted to hemorrhage (plugs leaks, promotes constriction of blood vessel, triggers inflammation, initiates clotting reaction)
Term
What is hematopoiesis?
Definition
production of blood cells and platelets (occurs in bone marrow)
Term
What is sickle cell anemia?
Definition
-genetic condition
-blood is sickle shaped due to low oxygen levels
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