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Something given with the expectation of recieving something in return. |
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| An indivodual that chooses not to join or contribute to a group but nonetheless benefits from the existence and activites of group. |
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| Governmance divided between the parties, as when one holds the presidency and the other controls one or both houses of congress |
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| A government entity that is independent of the legislative, executive, and judicial braches. |
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| Federal statute barring Federal employees from active participation inn certain kinds of politics and protecting them from being fired on partisan grounds |
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| Money government provides to parents to pay their children's tution in a public or private school of their choice |
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| Office of Management and Budgets |
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| Presidential staff the agency that serves as a clearing house for budgetary requests and management improvement for government agencies. |
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| Congressional Budget Office |
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| An agency of Congress that analyzes presidential budget recommendations and estimates the cost of proposed legislation. |
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| The selection of individuals to participate in a public opinion poll(or other kind of study) in a way that is unbiased. |
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| A short and clear summary of a situation or an event. |
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| Method to gather community resources and efforts around a common issue or cause that a significant number of people care enough about to take action, with the long term goal of building sustained citizen based movements to improve the quality of life and enhance the democratic environment. |
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| Practice by which an influential individual or group legitimizes a candidate or policy. |
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| A method of sociological research in which a small group of people is brought together and asked a series of questions. |
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| this is a short phrase that voters may remember to idenitfy the candidate or campaign. |
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| speech that is inteionally deeply offensive to racial,ethic,religious, or other group, seeking to condemn or dehumanize members of such a group. |
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| Group of persons controlling a gornment, especially after a revolutionary seizure of power |
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| elected office that is predictably won by one party or the other, so the success of the party's candidate is almost taken for granted. |
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| The portion of the Federal budget that is spent on programs, such as social security, that the president and congress are unwilling to cut. |
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| Tax levied on imports to help protect the nation's industries, labor, or farmers from foreign competition. it can also be used to raised additional revenue. |
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| a policy promoting cutbacks in the amount of Federal regulation in specific areas of ecnomic activity. |
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