Term
| 1. What new territory did the US purchase in 1867 which was twice the size of its largest state? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 2. What events lured settlers into the trans-Mississippi West? |
|
Definition
-The California Gold Rush
-Completion of the Transcontinental Railroad
-The Homestead Act |
|
|
Term
| 3. According to the map of major Indian Battles and reservations from 1860-1900, what states or territories had the largest areas of land devoted to Indian reservations? |
|
Definition
| South Dakota and the Arizona Territory |
|
|
Term
| 4. According to the map of major Indian Battles and reservations from 1860-1900, where did the last "battle" of the Indian Wars occur? |
|
Definition
The Pine Ridge Reservation
- Battle of Wounded Knee in South Dakota |
|
|
Term
| 5. On reservations, what were Indians urged to do? |
|
Definition
- Speak English
- Convert to Christianity
- Take up Farming
- Become educated by settlers |
|
|
Term
| 6. Why was the Treaty of Fort Laramie, which gave the Sioux the right to occupy the Black Hills for "as long as the grass shall grow," rapidly overturned? |
|
Definition
| Because of the discovery of gold in the Black Hills of the Dakotas |
|
|
Term
| 7. At what battle were Lieutenant Colonel George Armstrong Custer and his troops wiped out? |
|
Definition
| The Battle of the Little Bighorn |
|
|
Term
| 8. What was the primary reason the Red River War came to an end in 1875? |
|
Definition
| Because the Indians were denied access to food |
|
|
Term
| 9. Who pressured US officials to demand that the Nez Perce sell their lands for a song? |
|
Definition
| Prospectors and mining companies |
|
|
Term
| 10. Who was the Nez Perce chief who led his band on a 1400-mile trek from the Wallowa Valley to Northen Montana? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 11. According to the Map of Mormon cultural diffusion, ca. 1883, in what western areas did the Mormons establish settlements? |
|
Definition
Idaho
Nevada
Arizona
Colorado
Utah |
|
|
Term
| 12. Why were the Mormons despised and persecuted by Americans? |
|
Definition
| Because Mormons believe in Polygamy |
|
|
Term
| 13. What was the name of the independent, theocratic state formed by the Mormons and centered on the shores of the Great Salt Lake? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 14. What Supreme Court decision banned polygamy? |
|
Definition
| United States vs. Reynolds |
|
|
Term
| 15. What distinction did the US Supreme Court make in the decision banning polygamy? |
|
Definition
| The Supreme Court distinguished between the freedom of belief and freedom of practice |
|
|
Term
| 16. Besides the Supreme Court decision, what laws limited the rights of Mormons to practice their religion? |
|
Definition
- The Edmunds Acts
- The Edmunds Tucker Act |
|
|
Term
| 17. How did Hispanics fight to protect their rights? |
|
Definition
- Cortina's War in Brownsville, Texas
- The formation of El Partido Unido by Las Gorras Blancas
- The organization of El Alianzo Hispano-Americano
- Activities by Las Gorras Blancas |
|
|
Term
| 18. What was the Sherman Antitrust Act and how did it become ineffective? |
|
Definition
It was an Act passed to restore competition by encouraging small business and outlawing every combination in restraint of trade or commerce
- It became ineffective because the courts interpreted the law in ways that inhibited the organization of trade unions and helped the consolidation of business |
|
|
Term
| 19. Who was a prime example of a "robber baron"? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 20. What theories were developed to justify the acquisition of great wealth in the late nineteenth century? |
|
Definition
- The Gospel of Wealth
- Social Darwinism
- William Graham Sumner's "Natural Order"
- Protestant Religion |
|
|
Term
| 21. What is social Darwinism? |
|
Definition
| The theory that argues that in human society (as in nature), struggle is the key to progress because it produces survival of the fittest |
|
|
Term
| 22. What do the arguments of Social Darwinism and William Graham Sumner suggest? |
|
Definition
| Any laws to control working conditions would be detrimental to society |
|
|
Term
| 23. Who was Horatio Alger? |
|
Definition
| A writer who became known for his rags-to-riches stories, often interpreted to mean anyone with the right attitude to get rich, can |
|
|
Term
| 24. What panics were followed by the two major depressions of the late nineteenth century? |
|
Definition
| The Panics of 1873 and 1893 |
|
|
Term
| 25. What was the largest labor organization in the late nineteenth century? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 26. What did this labor organization advocate? |
|
Definition
- Equal pay for equal work for men and women
- A graduated income tax
- The organization of African-American workers as well as whites
- The restriction of child labor |
|
|
Term
| 27. How did the Eight-Hour League and Ira Steward advocate dividing the day, and what did they call that division? |
|
Definition
Divide the day into 8 hour sections
- 8 for work, 8 for sleep, 8 for leisure
- The claimed it was the "natural rhythm of life" |
|
|
Term
| 28. How did the Knights of Labor regard the eight-hour day? |
|
Definition
| The Knights of Labor advocated the 8-hour day |
|
|
Term
| 29. How did the incident in Chicago's Haymarket Square affect the Knights of Labor? |
|
Definition
| It destroyed the Knights of Labor by associating it with political radicalism |
|
|
Term
| 30. What labor organization was dedicated to organizing skilled workers to obtain better working conditions, wages and hours? |
|
Definition
| The American Federation of Labor |
|
|
Term
| 31. What did the AFL and its president, Samuel Gompers, believe? |
|
Definition
- In the family wage which was to be earned by men
- That women belonged in the home and should not play a vital role in organized labor
- In the interest of primarily skilled workers
- "Pure and simple unionism" |
|
|
Term
| 32. What did the efforts to create a "New South" include? |
|
Definition
- The development of a vertically integrated textile industry
- Attraction of capital from the north with tax incentive
- Construction of new iron mills in Birmingham
- Incentives for railroad companies |
|
|
Term
| 33. What was true of labor in the South? |
|
Definition
- Blacks and whites were rigidly divided by race
- Child labor increased as industrialization expanded
- The Knights of Labor were forced to retreat from organizing in the South
- Convict laborers were mostly blacks working in virtual slavery |
|
|
Term
| 34. What were southern mill towns like? |
|
Definition
| Mostly tightly controlled company towns |
|
|
Term
| 35. What was true of the superintendents of the southern mill towns? |
|
Definition
- Controlled the salaries of the church ministers and their message
- Decided when children would work or attend school
- Had almost total control over people's lives
- Often bought Christmas presents for the children of the mill workers |
|
|
Term
| 36. From where did the "new immigrants" after 1850 come? |
|
Definition
| Southern and Eastern Europe |
|
|
Term
| 37. After 1880 where did the new immigrants usually move? |
|
Definition
| Those cities populated by their ethnic group |
|
|
Term
| 38. What was true of the growing cities of the late nineteenth century? |
|
Definition
- Expansion occurred on haphazard basis
- Most of the population lived in crowded tenements
- The new imperial style of architecture made cities less desirable to live in
- Factories were often located in a city's best sites |
|
|
Term
| 39. Who were John and Washington Roebling? |
|
Definition
| Men who designed and built a pre-eminent example of the practical and aesthetic, which was the Brooklyn Bridge |
|
|
Term
| 40. What developments made it possible for cities to expand outward? |
|
Definition
- The mechanically driven cable car
- Big city bridges
- The subway
- The electric street railway |
|
|
Term
| 41. What was Mark Twain referring to when he coined the phrase "Gilded Age?" |
|
Definition
| To describe the period after the Civil War and its emphasis on showy wealth and corrupt practices |
|
|
Term
| 42. What did social critic Thorstein Veblen refer to when he coined the phrase "Conspicuous Consumption?" |
|
Definition
| Ostentatious displays of wealth used to asses ones worth or merit |
|
|
Term
| 43. What characterized the new middle class of the late 19th century? |
|
Definition
- The desire to seek culture as a means of self improvement
- A belief in the gospel of exercise
- The separation of residences from work and men from women
- Great attention to leisure time |
|
|
Term
| 44. What was true of immigrants? |
|
Definition
They:
- Lived in crowded ethnic neighborhoods called ghettos and barrios
- Often felt alienated from Dollerica (Another name for America)
- Used their children to do piece work at home for carpenters
- Found lodging in residential boarding houses and residential hotels |
|
|
Term
| 45. How did immigrants seek relief from poverty, alienation and strain they faced? |
|
Definition
- Resorting to alcoholic patent medicines
- Organizing fraternal societies and social organizations
- Seeking escapes through enjoyment such as music or amusement parks
- Becoming consumers of the new market that was created as a result of their combined buying power |
|
|
Term
| 46. Who was Scott Joplin? |
|
Definition
| The man who made famous the "ragtime" music, at the Chicago World's Fair in 1893 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The most popular form of commercial entertainment from the 1880s to the 1920s, which offered a live variety show composed of different kinds of 15-minutes ads |
|
|
Term
| 48. What activities tended to bring the urban middle and working classes together? |
|
Definition
- Spectator sports
- Commercial Entertainment
- Popular music |
|
|
Term
| 49. Who was Albert Spalding? |
|
Definition
| One of the leading organizers of baseball who tightened the rules of participation and dictated the reserve clause (Played and managed for the Chicago White Stockings) |
|
|
Term
| 50. What early developments shaped baseball as a professional sport? |
|
Definition
- The enforcement of the color line with the firing of Moses "Fleet" Walker in 1884
- Management's control over players with the reserve clause
- Huge investments of capital making baseball a big business
- The formation of the national league and the knickerbocker baseball club |
|
|
