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chapter 17
kidneys
32
Anatomy
12th Grade
05/15/2011

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Term
the left usually ____ cm higher than the right. masses of ________ tissue surround the kidneys and hold them in place
Definition

1 to2 cm

adipose

Term
the hollow chamber in the convex side with an entrance called the hilum
Definition
renal sinus
Term
where blood vessels, nerves , lymphatic vessels and ureter pass thru
Definition

hilum

Term
a sac at the end of the ureter with in the renal sinus
Definition
renal pelvis
Term
renal pelvis subdivides into tubes called
Definition
major and minor calcyx
Term
the inner portion of the kidney composed of renal pyramids and appear striated
Definition
renal medulla
Term
the outer portion of the kidney, outside of the medulla, and form renal columns b/t medulla
Definition
renal cortex
Term
functional unit of the kidney in the renal cortex
Definition
nephrons
Term
layer completely surrounding the kidney
Definition
renal capsule
Term
function of the kidneys
Definition

1. regulate the volume composition and pH of body fluids

2. removes metabolic wastes from blood

3. combine waste with water and electrolytes to form urine

4. excrete urine outside

Term
kidneys secrete the hormone ______ to help control the rate of RBC formation and the _______ _______ to help regulate blood pressure
Definition

erythropoietin

enzyme renin

Term
arise from abdominal aorta and supply blood to the kidneys. enter the kidney through the hilum and give off several sets of branches
Definition
renal arteries
Term
joins the inferior vena cava to return venous blood, runs next to the renal artery
Definition
renal vein
Term
portion of the nephron containing blood capillaries called the glomerulus
Definition
renal corpuscle
Term
portion of the nephron where fluid flows through on its way out of the body
Definition
renal tubule
Term
cluster of capillaries in the renal corpuscle that filter fluid the first step in the urine formation
Definition
glomerulus
Term
the sac like structure that surrounds the glomerulus
Definition
glomerular capsule
Term
glomerular capillary walls have tiny openings called
Definition
fenestrae
Term
water dissolved substances are filtered out
Definition
glomerular filtrate
Term
the fluid that is filtrated
Definition
only a small amount is excreted in urine, most is reabsorbed and reenters the plasma
Term
the process that transports substances out of the tubular fluid thru the epithelium of the renal tubule and into the blood of the capillaries, gluclose is high in the filtrate and absent in urine
Definition
tubular reabsorption
Term
by product of amino acid catabolism it enters the renal tubules by filtration and about 50% is reabsorbed remainder is excreted in urine
Definition
urea
Term
product of the metabolism of certain organic bases in nucleic acis most is reabsorbed and a small amount is secreted into the renal tubule for excretion in urine
Definition
uric acid
Term
differs depending on dietary intake and physical activity
Definition
urine composition
Term
urine composition
Definition

1.95% water

2. urea

3. uric acid

4. amino acids

5. electrolytes

Term
pathway of urine after it forms in the nephron
Definition

1. nephron

2. collecting duct

3. renal papillae

4. minor calyces

5. major calyces

6. renal pelvis

7. ureters

8.urinary bladder

9. urethra

Term
exiting point of the urine
Definition
urethra
Term
function about 25 cm long begins at the renal pelvis and attaches to the urinary bladder the muscular walls propel the urine by ______ waves which originate in the renal pelvis
Definition

ureters

. peristaltic

Term
hollow distensible muscular sac the stores urine and forces it into the urethra when empty it has many folds and is it fills the walls become smooth
Definition
urinary bladder
Term
the muscular wall of the urinary bladder sustained contraction of this muscle prevents the bladder from emptying until pressure with in the bladder increases to a certain level
Definition
detrusor muscle
Term
process that expels urine from the urinary bladder when the detrusor muscle  abdominal wall and pelvice floor contract
Definition
micturition (urination)
Term
is composed of skeletal muscle which is under conscious control the spinchter usually remains contracted and relaxed when the urination process is initiated
Definition
external urethral spincter
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