Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The TCR was completed in 1869 when the tracks of the Union Pacific and Central Pacific railroads came together here |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| pioneered the development of America's railway system and the era's most notorious speculator |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| built the Great Northern Railroad- one of the few major railroads able to weather the depression |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Collis P. Huntington, Charles Crocker, Leland Stanford, and Mark Hopkins- became so powerful that the southern pacifc railroad held CA in the grip of an "octopus" |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-worked to build Carnegie steel, among 1st to champion "King steel,"
-a Scottish immigrant
-1 of the richest men in America
-gave away $300 million (most to libraries) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| developed a way to make steel more cheaply from pig iron |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-oil
-discovered by Edwin Drake in 1859 in PE |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Owned Standard Oil Company (precursor of Exxon Mobil Corporation)
-pioneered the trust
-moved horizontally to control the refining process
-1st billionaire |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| wrote "History of the Standard Oil Company," largely shaped the public's harsh view of Rockefeller |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| -1876 Philadelphia Centennial Exposition- demonstrated his telephone |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| under him, American Bell (telephone company) began to market the telephone |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-wanted to pioneer the use of electricity as a source
-competitor w/ Edison
-inventor of the railroad air brake |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-preeminant finance capitalist of the 19th century
-acted as power broker in the reorganization of the railroads and creation of General Electric and US Steel |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Morgan pulled together all of Carnegie's chief competitors to form this huge new steel corporation
-known today as USX
-largest corporation in the world
-still did not hold a monopoly in the steel industry because of all the smaller independent ones |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-wrote "On the Origin of Species"
-adaptation is key to survive |
|
|
Term
| Herbert Spencer and William Graham |
|
Definition
| developed the theory of social darwinism- porgress came from competition |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-professor of political economics at Yale
-wrote "What Social Classes owe to eachother" |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-written by Carnegie
-softened Social Darwinism |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| "the Constitution allows no impediments to the acquisition of property" |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| -editor of the Atlanta Constitution, used the paper's influence to extol the virtues of a new industrial south |
|
|
Term
| What was the only industry that the south dominated? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| -a coalition of blacks and whites determined to "readjust" (lower) the state debt and spend more $ on public education |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| -launched an anti-lynching movement |
|
|
Term
| Victoria Earle Matthews and Maritcha Lyons |
|
Definition
-engaged in social reform and self improvements
-hosted testimonial dinner for Wells that led to the organization of a bl-ack women's club, the Women's Loyal Union
-club became a spearhead for the creation of the national Asssociation of Colored Women (NACW) |
|
|
Term
| Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony |
|
Definition
| -formed the National Women Suffrage Association (NWSA)- 1st independent women's rights organization in the US |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-part of the temperance movement
-women armed with bibles and singing hymns would march on taverns and saloons and refused to leave until the proprietors signed a pledge to stop selling liquor |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-laws that prohbited the sale of liquor
-Maine was the 1st state to prohibit it |
|
|
Term
| Women's Christian Temperance Union (WCTU) |
|
Definition
| advocated total abstinence of alcohol |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-politically corrupt and factioned administration
-spoils system remained the driving force in politics |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-master of teh spoilsman, ridiculed civil service, and tried his best efforts to get the Republicans to run Grant against him for president in 1880
-followers were called "Stalwarts" |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Conkling's archrival
-faction called the 1/2 breeds |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-primarily reofrm mined Republicans from MA and NY- hated the spoils system and advocated civil service reform
-comes from Algonquian word for chief |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Pendleton Civil Service Act |
|
Definition
-1883
-established a permanent Civil Service Commission of 3 members, appointed by the president |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-most vile b/c of the mudslinging
-Cleveland (father of an illegit child) vs. James G. Blaine (followers were called Blainiacs) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Republican Benjamin Harrison won
-once in office, he proved to be a cold and distant leader- the "human iceberg" |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Grover Cleveland won
-only time when a defeated president returns to office |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| -1890 Force Bill- a federal election law to restore the vote to African Americans who had faced intimidation and disenfranchisement in the south, died in republican congress |
|
|
Term
| "Billion Dollar Congress" |
|
Definition
| -Rep. McKinley passed a law that increased tarifffs- condemned and this was the nickname for congress |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-aka Patrons of Husbandry
-founded in 1867 as a social and educational organization for farmers, soon became an ind. pol. mvt. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Sp Ct ruled in favor of state regulation, 1877 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-1886
-reversed Munn v. Illinois (1877)
-ruled that because railroads crossed state boundaries, they fell outside state jurisdiction |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-1887
-established the nation's first federal regulatory agency, the Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC) to oversee the railroad industry
-never really powerful |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-1890
-outlawed pools and trusts, ruling that business couldn't enter agreements to restrict tompetition |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-sp ct dealt the antitrust law a crippling blow
-ruled that "manufacture" didn't constitute "trade"
-narrowed the law- in this case, allowing the American Sugar Refining Company (which included EC Knight) and controlled 98% of teh production of sugar, to control its virtual monopoly |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| -minting of both gold and silver into coins |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-required the gov't to buy silver and issue silver certificates
-led to a depression, repealed in 1893 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| -gave ideas to Westinghouse to deisgn a more efficient, high voltage, alternating current system- stole many of Edison's ideas |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-founded in 1871
-grew to be a busting iron producing city with noisy railroad yards and furnaces
-by 1900, it was the nation's largest pig iron shipper |
|
|
Term
| By 1900, who made up 60% of the work force? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-wrote by Horatio Alger
-recounted the adventurs of poor but honest lads who rose thru ambition, initiative, and self discipline |
|
|
Term
| By 1890, what percentage of America owned 73% of the wealth? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| wrote "The Wealth of Nations" (1776) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| -wrote Dynamic Sociology- supposed 'laws' of nature could be circumvented by human will |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
