Term
| Yalta Conference; the agreements? |
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Definition
-the us, britain, and the soviet union met
-they agreed to divide germany into zones of occupation controlled by the allied military forces
-germany would have to pay the soviet union to conpensate for its loss of life and property
-stalin promised that eastern europe would have free elections
-winston churchill recognized this as an empty promise
-he predicted that stalin would keep his pledge if the eastern europeans followed "a policy friendly to russia" |
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Term
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Definition
-the us and soviet union jioned 48 other countries
-an international organization that was intended to protect the members against agression
-was based in new york
-they signed the UN charter and pledged "to save succeeding generations from the scourgeof war" |
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Term
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Definition
-a large body
-was like an international town meeting
-each UN member nation could cast its vote on a broad range of issues, including membership |
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Term
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Definition
-an 11-member body
-had the real power to investigate and settle the disputes
-5 permanent members--Britain, China, France, the US, and the Soviet Union
-was intended to prevent any members from voting as a bloc to override the others |
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Term
| which US and Soviet aims in europe conflicted? |
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Definition
-US--encouraged democracy
-SU(Soviet Union)--encouraged communism
-US--gain access to raw materials and markets to fuel booming industries
-SU--rebliud the economy using Eastern Europe's industrial equipment and raw materials
-US-rebuild european gov.s to promote stability
-SU-control Eastern Europe(EE) to protect Soviet borders & balance US influence in Western Europe
-US--reunite Germany to stabilize & increase security in europe
-SU--keep germany divided to prevent waging a war again |
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Term
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Definition
| -churchill's phrase came to represent europe's division between a mostly democratic WE(Western Europe) & a communist EE from behind the iron curtain, stalin termed Churchills words a "call to war" |
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Term
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Definition
-pres. truman adopted a foreign policy called this
-was a policy directed at blocking Soviet influence and preventing the expansion of communism
-these policies included creating alliances and helping weak countries resist Soviet advances |
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Term
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Definition
-trumans support for countries that rejected communism
-caused great controversy
-some objected to american interfernce in other nations affairs
-others argued that the US lacked the resourced to carry on a global crusade against communism
-others pointed out that some US support would go to dictators
-congress immediately authorized over $400 million in aid to Turkey and Greece |
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Term
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Definition
-US secretary of State George Marshal
-proposed that america give aid to any European country that needed it
-this assistance program would provide food, machines, and other materials
-during this time, the communists seized power in Czechoslavakia
-congress immediately approved this plan
-this plan achieved spectacular success in WE and in Yugoslavia |
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Term
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Definition
-the SU sut off highway, water, and rail traffic from berlin
-SU took Berlin hostage
-to break the blockade, US and British officials flew food and supplies into West Berlin
-4 nearly 11 months, planes took off and landed every 3 mins.
-the SU lifted the blockade in May 1949 |
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Term
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Definition
-these conflicts started the cold war
-a state of diplinatic hostility that developed between the two superpowers
-they used spying, propaganda, diplomacy, and secret operations
-not an acutal war |
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Term
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Definition
-north atlantic treaty organization
-the berlin blockade made WE's fear of SU agression
-10 WE states jioned with the US and Canada to form a defensive military alliance
-for the US, NATO membership marked the country's first peacetime military commitment
-SU viewed as a threat |
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Term
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Definition
-the soviets developed this alliance system in 1955 as part of their own containment policy
-including the SU, poland, East germany, czechoslovakia, hungary, romania, bulgaria, and albania |
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Term
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Definition
-southeast asia treaty organization
-was formed to stabilize that area after open military aggression occured in Korea and Indochina |
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Term
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Definition
| -a willingness to go to the brik, or edge, of war |
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Term
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Definition
-the launching of the Soviet satellite
-made americans feels as if they had fallen behind in science and technology
-the US gov. poured money into education, esp. science, math, and foreign lang.
-by Jan. 1958, the US successfully launched its own satellite |
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Term
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Definition
| -the shooting down of a US spy plane and capture of its pilot by the SU in 1960 |
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Term
| which destinations in space did the US and the Soviets explore? |
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Definition
| -mars, jupitar, saturn, uranus, neptune, venus |
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Term
| 38th parallel; why did Truman intervene? |
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Definition
-a line that crossed Korea at 38 degrees north latitude
-it split N. Korea and S. Korea
-N. Korea--communist
-S. Korea--US took over--democratic
-he was convinced that the N. Korean aggressors were repeating what Hitler, Mussolini, and the Japanese had done in the 1930s
-his policy of containment was being put to the test
-he resolved to help S. Korea resist communist influence |
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Term
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Definition
-leader of the 15 nations, including Britain and Canada
-his plan: to send an international force to Korea to stop the invasion
-then he launched a surprise attack |
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Term
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Definition
-the UN forces and N. Korea signed a cease-fire agreement
-after 3 years of fighting, the border between the two Koreas was set near the 38th parallel
was almost where it had been before the war started |
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Term
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Definition
-the communist dictator, kim Il Sung, established collective farms, developed heavy industry, and built up the country's military power
his son, Kim Jong Il, ascended to power at his father's death
-his rule: Communist N. Korea developed nuclear weapons
-N. Korea had serious economic problems
-sontinues to struggle with shortages or energy and food |
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Term
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Definition
-prospered thanks to the massive aid from the US and other countries
-in the 1960s, they concentrated on developing its industry and boosting foreign trade
-a succession of dictatorships ruled the rapidly developing country
-with the 1987 adoption of a democratic constitution, they established free elections
-during the 1980s and early 1990s, they claimed one of the highest economic growth rates in the world |
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Term
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Definition
-a young vietnamese nationalist
-turned to the communist for help in his struggle
-his indochinese communist party led revolts and strikes against the French
-the French responded by jailing vietnamese protestors and sentenced him to death but he fled his sentence
-inspired vietnams nationalist movement from exile
-founded the vietmanh(independence) League
-believed that independence would follow |
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Term
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Definition
-with the defeat of the French, the US saw a rising threat to the rest of Asia
-the SE asian nations were like a row of dominos(said by pres. eisenhower)
-the fall of one to communism would lead to the fall of its neighbors
-**it became a major justification for the US foreign policy during the cold war era** |
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Term
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Definition
| -vietnam was divided at 17 degrees north latitude |
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Term
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Definition
-an unpopular ruler/leader
-ruled the south as a dictator
-contrastingly--Ho Chi Minh began a popular program of land redistribution in the north |
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Term
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Definition
-communist guerrillas
-began to gain strength in the south
-some were trained soldiers
-most were south vietnamese that hated Diem.....(continued) |
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Term
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Definition
-told congress that N. vietnamese patrol boats attacked two US destroyers in the Gulf of Tenkin
-result--congress authorized the pres. to send US troops into vietnam
-the US troops faced two major difficulties
**one, they were fighting guerillas in an unfamiliar jungle terrain
-**two, the S. vietnamese gov. was becoming unpopular |
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Term
| Richard Nixon; Vietnamization |
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Definition
-began withdrawing US troops from Vietnam in 1969
-his plan was: Vietnamization
-it allowed for US troops to pull out, while the S. Vietnamese increased their combat role
-wanted to pursue this while presevering the S. Vietnamese gov.
-authorized a massive bombing campaign against N. Vietnamese bases and supply routes |
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Term
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Definition
-also known as Kampuchea
-suffered US bombing during the war |
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Term
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Definition
-communist rebels
-set up a brutal communist gov. under the leadership of Pol Pot
-his followers slaughtered 2 million people
-was one quater of the nationa's population |
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