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| gave farmers land for cheap out west |
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| name came to be applied to entrepreneurs from this period in general |
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| (1877) declared state could establish a commission to regulate railroads |
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| Passed to regulare unfair treatment from railroads across state lines; 5 memberese could investigate complaints of railroad misconduct |
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| Standard Oil Company; by end of late 1870's controlled 90% of nation's oil refining capacity |
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| One example would be when a company acquires competitors in the same industry doing the same stage of production for the creation of a monopoly. |
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| rose from rags to riches; steel marketing --> bessemer process ominated construction of steel rails, skyscrapers, and beams |
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controlling all steps of the process;
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the combination in one company of two or more stages of production normally operated by separate companies.
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| phonograph, carbon filament incandescent lamp |
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| coalition of trade unions, led by William Sylvis, pursued 8 hour work days. Dissolved during economic scare and militia units got involved |
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| consisted of skilled and unskilled, men and women, and back and white workers. Agreed with business owners about prohibition, but downfall came with Haymarket Riot |
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| Anarchists from Knights of Labor were accused of throwing a bomb and sparked deadly riot. Resulted in police reteliation an innocent were convicted |
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| American Federation of Labor |
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| White male skilled workers (eventually let in black skilled workders.) Gompers created for union of craft unions and skileld workers. At first they did not want federal government involved; against immigrant workers and was no benefit to middle class |
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| natural selection and survival of the fittest; people wantd to believe that they could beat this and overcome their circumstances though |
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| tales of young boys rising above economic systems to acheive wealth |
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| Apache chief of New Mexico who lef battles acorss SW for 2 years, then eventually had to surrender and was exiled to Florida |
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| Law authorized president to durvey Native American reservations and divide them into 160 acre farms. Indians could not sell land for 25 years, but Indians who adopted "habits of a civilized life" gained citizenship |
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| 25 cents an acre of land for irrigating land within 3 years and paying another $1.00 |
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| land "unfit for cultivation" permitted settlers to acquire up to 160 acres of land for $2.50 an acre |
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| tenant farming, received some of crops as payment and eventually earned some part of the land |
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| owned crop until it sold, then paid owner of property either cash of fixed amount of crop |
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| Civil Rights Cases (1883) |
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| Supreme court ruled under 14th amendment, congress could prohibit only state actions that violated civil righs and states could handle individiauls actions |
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| leadership of Tuskgee Insititue in Alamaba- demanded civil rights |
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| safe haven for blacks in Kansas |
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