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CHAPTER 17 & 18
Anatomy 260 flashcards
58
Anatomy
Undergraduate 1
12/23/2010

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Term
Autonomic Nervous System - ANS
Definition
regulates body temperature and coordinates cardiovascular, respiratory, digestive, excretory, and reproductive functions.
Term

physiological 

subconscious

Definition

routine ____ adjustments to systems are made by the ANS operating at the _____ level.

 

Term

sympathetic

parasympathetic

Definition
major ANS divisions
Term

active

releases neurotransmitter

 

Definition
ANS generally are always ___, can activate or inhibit an organ, r_____ n____, and causes short term changes. 
Term
thalamus, hypothalamus, limbic system, cerebral cortex
Definition
t____, h____, l___ s____, c____ c____ are brain regions that affect ANS regulatory activities.
Term
afferent & efferent 
Definition
The ANS, like the somatic nervous system, has ____ & ____ neurons.
Term
visceral receptors
Definition
However in the ANS, the afferent pathways originate in v___ r____.
Term
visceral effector organs
Definition

In the ANS, the efferent pathways connect to v___ e___ o____.

Term

CNS

effector organs

Definition
the ANS differs from the SNS in the arrangement of the neurons connecting the c___ n__ s___ to the e___ o___.
Term
preganglionic neurons
Definition
visceral motor neurons in the CNS
Term
ganglionic neurons
Definition
preganglionic neurons send axons to synapse on g___ n___.
Term
autonomic ganglia
Definition
the ganglionic neuron cell bodies are located in the a____ g___ outside the CNS. 
Term
thoracolumbar (symathetic) division
Definition
Visceral efferents from the thoracic and lumbar segments form the t____ (sympathetic) d_____.
Term
fight or flight system
Definition
sympathetic division is the _____ or _____ system.
Term
Sympathetic division
Definition

1. stimulates tissue metabolism

2. increases alertness

3. prepares the body to deal with emergencies.

Term
craniosacral (parasympathetic) division
Definition
visceral efferents leaving the brain stem and sacral segments form the c_____ (parasympathetic) division. 
Term
rest & repose system
Definition
parasympathetic is the ____ & ____ system.
Term
via neurotransmitters
Definition
Both parasympathetic & sympathetic division affect target organs via ______.
Term
stimulatory or inhibitory.
Definition
Membrane receptors determine whether the response will be s____ or i_____. 
Term

release acethlcholine 

excitatory

Definition

Generally, neurotransmitter effects are as follows: #1 

All preganglionic terminals release a_____ (Ach, widely used neurotransmitter in ANS) & are e_____. 

Term

postganglionic

inhibitory

Definition

Generally, neurotransmitter effects are as follows: #2

 

p____ parasympathetic terminals release Ach and effects may be excitatory or i_____.

Term
norepinephrine (NE)
Definition

Generally, neurotransmitter effects are as follows: #3

 

most postganglionic sympathetic terminals realease n____ and effects are usually excitatory. 

Term
Dual innervation
Definition
D_____ I____ is when vital organs (except sweat glands) receive instruction from both sympathetic and parasympathetic fibers.
Term
T1 & L2
Definition

Sympathetic Division:

 

consists of preganglionic neurons between the spinal cord segments ___ & ___. 

Term
alpha and beta
Definition

Sympathetic Division:

 

Sympathetic receptors include a___ and b____ receptors.

Term
epinephrine
Definition

Sympathetic Division:

 

Beta receptors are sensitive to e____.

Term
norepinephrine
Definition

Sympathetic Division:

 

Beta receptors are unresponsive to n_____.

Term
inhibition or excitation.
Definition

Sympathetic Division:

 

Beta receptors may produce either i___ or e___.



Term
3
Definition

 

Sympathetic Division:


Sympathetic chains consist of about ___ cervical.

 

Term
11-12
Definition

 

Sympathetic Division:


Sympathetic chains consist of about ___-___ thoracic.

 

Term
2-5
Definition

 

Sympathetic Division:


Sympathetic chains consist of about ___ - ____ lumbar.

 

Term
4-5
Definition

 

 

Sympathetic Division:


Sympathetic chains consist of about ___ - ___ sacral ganglia. 

 

 

Term
1
Definition

 

Sympathetic Division:


Sympathetic chains consist of about __ coccygeal sympathetic ganglion in each sympathetic chain.

 

Term

gray ramus

sympathetic

Definition

 

Sympathetic Division:

 

Every spinal nerve has a g___ r____ that carries s____ postganglionic fibers.

 

Term

thoracic

superior lumbar ganglia

white

Definition

 

Sympathetic Division:


In summary: #1 
Only t___ and s___ l___ ganglia receive preganglionic fibers by way of w___ rami.  

 

Term

cervical

inferior lumbar 

sacral chain ganglia

Definition

 

Sympathetic Division:


In summary: #2
the c___, i___ l___ and s___ chain ganglia receive preganglionic innervation from collateral fibers of sympathetic neurons. 

 

Term
gray
Definition

 

Sympathetic Division:


In summary: #3
Every spinal nerve receives a g__ ramus from a ganglion off the sypathetic chain. 

 

Term

Cardiovascular 

respiratory

Definition

 

Sympathetic Division:



 

An increase in c____ and r___ activities are signs of sympathetic stimulation. 

Term

pons

medulla oblongata 

coughing reflex

Definition
An increase in cardiovascular and respiratory activies in controlled by centers in p___, and m____ oblongata, which is a c____ reflex. 
Term
celiac ganglion
Definition

Sympathetic Division:


The c____ g___ innervates the stomach, liver, pancreas, and spleen.

Term
superior insentreric ganglion
Definition

 

Sympathetic Division:


 

The s_____ i_____ ganglion innervates the small intestine and initial segments of the large intestine. 

Term
inferior mesenteric ganglion.
Definition

 

Sympathetic Division:


 

The i___ m___ ganglion innervates the kidney, bladder, sex organs, and terminal portions of the large intestine. 

Term

preganglionic fibers

collateral

Definition

Sympathetic Division:


Some p____ fibers do not synapse as they pass through both the sympathetic chain and c___ ganglia.

Term
Adrenal medulla
Definition

 

Sympathetic Division:


 

Instead, the preganglionic fibers enter one of the adrenal glands and synapse on modified neurons within the a____ m____. 

Term
2
Definition

 

Sympathetic Division:


 

Sympathetic division has __ adrenal medullae.

Term

norepinephrine

epinephrine

Definition

Sympathetic Division:


(The adrenal medullae) These cells release n____ (NE) and e____ (E) into the circulation, causing a prolonged smpathetic innervation effect.

Term
sympathetic activation.
Definition

Sympathetic Division:


In a crisis, the entire division responds, an event called s___ a___. 

Term

euphoria

elevation

 

Definition

Sympathetic Division:


In the sympathetic activation, the effects include increased alertness, a feeling of energy and e___, increased cardiovascular and respiratory activity, general e___ in muscle tone, and mobilization of energy reserves.

Term

Stimulation

2

Definition

Sympathetic Division:


S____ of the sympathetic division has ___ distinctive results.

Term

release

neuroeffector

Definition

Sympathetic Division:


there are two distinctive results of stimulation of sympathetic division: #1

the r___ of norepinephrine (or in some cases, acetylcholine) at n____ junctions. 

Term

secretion 

general circulation

Definition

 

Sympathetic Division:


there are two distinctive results of stimulation of sympathetic division: #2

The s___ of epinephrine and norepinephrine into the general c_____.

 

Term

alpha 

beta

Definition

 

 

 

 

Sympathetic Division:

 

 

The two classes of sympathetic receptors. 

 

 

Term

norepinephrine

epipinephrine

Definition

 

Sympathetic Division:

 

The two classes of sympathetic receptors are stimulated by both n____ and e____. 

Term
alpha receptors
Definition

 

Sympathetic Division:

 

___ receptors responds to stimulation by depolarizing the membrane. 

Term
beta receptors
Definition

 

 

Sympathetic Division:

 

 

____ receptors respond to stimulation by changing metabolic activity of cells.

Term
adrenergic
Definition

 

Sympathetic Division:

 

Most postganglionic fibers release norepinephrine, which is also known as a_____.

Term
cholinergic
Definition

 

Sympathetic Division:

 

Few postganglionic fibers release acetylcholine, which is also known for c_____. 

Term
postganglionic
Definition

 

Sympathetic Division:

 

p_____ fibers innervating sweat glands of the skin and blood vessels to skeletal muscles release ACh. 

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