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| in World War II, the nations of United States, Britain, and Russia |
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| in World War II, the nations of Germany, Italy, and Japan, which had formed an alliance in 1936 |
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| an agreement in which nations promise not to attack one another |
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| lightning war"-a form of warfare in which surprise attacks with fast-moving airplanes are followed by massive attacks with infantry forces |
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| French general who set up a government-in-exile in London; committed all his energy to reconquering France; went on to organize the Free French military forces that battled the Nazis until France was liberated in 1944 |
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| disagreed with Chamberlain; opposed appeasement policy and gloomily warned of its consequences |
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| a series of battles between German and British air forces, fought over Britain in 1940-1941 |
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| a declaration of principles issued in August 1941 by British prime minister Winston Churchill and U.S. president Franklin Roosevelt, on which the Allied peace plan at the end of World War II was based |
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| "leader" or "guide" in the German language; Adolf Hitler |
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| named after the French Minister of Defense Andre Maginot, was a line of concrete fortifications, tank obstacles, artillery casemates, machine gun posts, and other defenses |
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| territories that were occupied |
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| leader of the Nazi party; started World War II; killed millions of people |
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| newspaper editor and politician who boldly promised to rescue Italy by reviving its economy and rebuilding its armed forces; vowed to give Italy strong leadership; founded the Fascist Party in 1919; abolished democracy and outlawed all political parties except the Fascists; used secret police, censored radio stations and publications; outlawed strikes |
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| "man of steell"; general secretary of the Communist Party in 1922, worked behind the scenes to move his supporters into positions of power; forced Trotsky into exile in 1929; 1928, was in total command of the Communist Party; dictator |
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| 1932 the first president electd after the Depression had begun; began a program of government reform called the New Deal |
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| emotional or mental condition with respect to cheerfulness, confidence, zeal, etc., esp. in the face of opposition, hardship, etc. |
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| Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Croatia, Greece, Kosovo, Macedonia, Montenegro, Serbia |
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| The code name for Germany's invasion of the Soviet Union that began on June 22, 1941; over 4.5 million troops of the Axis powers invaded the USSR |
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| the name of the program under which the U.S. supplied the U.K., the USSR, China, France and other Allied nations with vast amounts of war material between 1941 and 1945 in return for military bases |
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| Admiral; Japan's greatest naval strategist, also called for an attack on the U.S. fleet in Hawaii |
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| December 7, 1941; the Japanese had sunk or damaged 19 ships, inculding 8 battleships, moored in Peral Harbor; more than 2,300 Americans were killed, with over 1,100 wounded |
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| a 1942 sea and air battle of World War II, in which American forces defeated Japanese forces in the central Pacific |
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| General; the commander of the Allied land forces in the Pacific, developed a plan to handle the problem of Japanese troops separating over many islands; said to seize islands that were not well protected and close to Japan; August 7, 1942, took several thousand U.S. marines, with Australian support, and landed on Guadalcanal and the neighboring island of Tulagi |
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| a 1942-1943 battle of World War II, in which Allied troops drove Japanese forces from the Pacific island of Guadalcanal |
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| part of the French colonial empire in southeast Asia |
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| incapable of being overcome or subdued |
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| May 4-8, 1942; major naval battle in the Pacific between the Imperial Japanese Navy and Allied naval and air forces from the U.S. and Australia |
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| five-star admiral in the U.S. Navy during World War II |
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| Philippines in 1942; 60-mile march occurred after the three-month Battle of Bataan; involved the forcible transfer of 75,000 American and Filipino P.O.W. captured by the Japanese in the Philippines characterized by wide-ranging physical abuse and murder |
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| to the Nazis, the Germanic peoples who formed a "master race" |
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| a mass slaughter of Jews and other civilians, carried out by the Nazi government of Germany before and during World War II |
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| "Night of Broken Glass"-the night of November 9, 1938, on which Nazi storm troopers attacked Jewish homes, businesses, and synagogues throughout Germany |
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| city neighborhoods in which European Jews were forced to live |
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| a program of genocide, the systematic killing of an entire people; Hitler believed that his plan of conquest depended on the urity of the Aryand race; viewed other groups as inferior ("subhumans"); included Roma (gypsies), Poles, Russians, gays, the insane, the disabled, and the incurably ill |
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| a camp in which people are detained or confined, usually under harsh conditions and without regard to legal norms of arrest and imprisonment that are acceptable in a constitutional democracy |
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| the systematic killing of an entire people |
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| a person who owing to a well-founded fear of being persecuted on account of race, religion, nationality, membership of a particular social group, or political opinion, is outside the country of their nationality, and is unable to or, owing to such fear, is unwilling to avail him/herself of the protection of that country |
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| one who collaborates with another person |
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| officer and physician in the Nazi concentration camp Auschwitz-Birkenau |
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| resistance against many Nazi policies; were easily crushed |
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| successfully commanded Allied forced at the Battle of El Alamein |
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| American general; led the Operation Torch; later became president |
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| led the German tank force, the Afrika Korps, sent by Hitler to reinforce the Italians |
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| a 1942-1943 battle of World War II, in which German forces were defeated in their attempt to capture the city of Stalingrad in the Soviet Union |
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| June 6, 1944-the day on which the Allies began their invasion of the European mainland during World War II |
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| a 1944-1945 battle in which Allied forces turned back the last major German offensive of World War II |
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| during World War II, Japanese suicide pilots trained to sink Allied ships by crashing bomb-filled planes into them |
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| where camps were kept; there was also fighting between the tribes |
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| to maintain over a long period of time (i.e. ration food) |
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| the forced relocation and internment by the U.S. government in 1942 of about 110,000 Japanese-Americans after Japan's attack on Pearl Harbor |
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| debt securities issued by a government for the purpose of financing military operations during times of war |
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| military term used to describe the line created when a unit reaches a beach, and begins to defend that area of beach, while other reinforcements help out, until a unit large enough to begin advancing has arrived |
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| June 6, 1944; the invasion and establishment of Allied forces in Normandy, France during Operation Overlord; largest amphibious operation in history |
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| the capital city of the Free State of Saxony in Germany |
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| a bomb that involved the splitting of the atom; dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki |
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| island off the coast of Japan that the U.S. took over to be closer to Japan |
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| city that was bombed by the United States |
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| city that was bombed by the United States |
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| 22 Nazi leaders were charged with waging a war of aggression; they were also accused of committing "crimes against humanity"-the murder of 11 million people |
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| disbanding the Japanese armed forces |
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| the process of creating a government elected by the people |
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