Term
| Pacific Northwest: RESOURCES |
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Definition
| sea (whales, fish), whales (shelter, food, oil), forest (plants and woodland creatures) |
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Term
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Definition
| A ceremony at which families displayed their wealth by presenting food, drink, and gifts to the community. |
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Term
| Hohokam: location and climate |
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Definition
| Southwest, hot and dry desert lands |
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Term
| What does the Hohokams using pottery rather than baskets represent? |
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Definition
| They had contact and probably a trade system with the Mesoamerican peoples to the South. |
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Definition
Four Corners region (Utah, Arizona, Colorado, New Mexico) |
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Term
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Definition
| villages of large apartment-style compounds made of stone and adobe (sun-baked clay), could house many people. |
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Term
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Definition
| underground ceremonial chambers in pueblo bonita used for a variety off religious practices |
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Term
| What is one possible explanation for the Anasazi abandoning their pueblos around 1200 BCE? |
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Definition
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Term
| What was the name of the Mississippian urban center? |
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Definition
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Term
| What was the name of the alliance of many cultures in the Northeastern Woodlands and what tied all of the cultures of this organization together? |
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Definition
| It was the Iroquois League, and they all spoke a common language. |
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Term
In what ways did the peoples of North America share similar cultural patterns? (Hint: There are four of them!) |
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Definition
- Clans (family ties)
- Totems
- Religious Practices
- Respect for Land
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Term
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Definition
A natural object with which an individual, clan, or group identifies itself. |
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Term
Where in the world did the Mayans reside? |
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Definition
| from Southern Mexico into Northern Central America, in the Yucatan Peninsula |
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Term
| When was considered the Classic Period of Mayan civilization? |
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Definition
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Term
| What was the main Mayan urban center and where was it located? |
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Definition
| Tikal was in northern Guatemala. |
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Term
| What did the Mayans sometimes use for currency? |
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Definition
| Cacao beans, because the Mayans didn't have a set currency. |
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Term
| Who belonged in the "noble class?" |
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Definition
- EMPORER
- LEADING WARRIORS, NOBLEMEN, PRIESTS
- MERCHANTS, ARTISANS, SOLDIERS
- PEASANTS AND ENSLAVED PERSONS
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Term
What are some of the main things that the Mayans offered to their gods? |
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Definition
- human sacrifice
- self-mutilation
- food
- flowers
- incense
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Term
| What was a helpful quality of the Mayan mathematics system? Calendar? |
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Definition
MATH: concept of zero
CALENDAR: only .0002 days short of modern calendar |
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Term
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Definition
| Heiroglyphic symbols the Mayans used for writing |
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Term
| On what did the Mayans write? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| How did the Mayan civilization end? |
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Definition
It ended in mystery, but some of the factors might have been:
-warfare which broke out in 700 CE
-severe population growth
-food shortages
-famine
-disease |
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Term
| What was the first major civilization of central Mexico? |
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Definition
| Teotihuacan (tay-oh-tee-wah-KAHN) |
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Term
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Definition
| a green/black volcanic glass found in the Valley of Mexico, used to make razor sharp weapons, a major trade item for the peoples of Teotihuacan |
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Term
| What was the capital of the Toltec civilization? |
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Definition
| Tula, located in the heart of Mexico |
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Term
| What was the general nature of the Toltecs? |
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Definition
| extremely warlike peoples |
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Term
| QUETZALCOATL (keht-sahl-koh-AHT-uhl) |
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Definition
| "Feathered Serpent", the peaceful god Topiltzan tried to force on his relbellious citizans who then exiled him |
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Term
| What were the Aztec called before they were called the Aztec? |
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Definition
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Term
| What was the name of the Aztec capital and where was it located? |
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Definition
Tenochtitlan (teh-noch-tee-TLAHN), island in Lake Texcoco |
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Term
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Definition
| What the Axtec joined with two other city-states to rule over the vast empire they shared |
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Term
| What did the Aztec demand from their citizens and what happened if it wasn't given? |
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Definition
| tribute (gold, food, jade, etc.), they would destroy the village and slaughter the inhabitants |
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Term
| Who could look at the emporer of the Aztecs? |
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Definition
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Term
| How did the Aztec overcome their geography? |
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Definition
| built bridges to the mainland called causeways |
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Term
| What were the Aztec religious practices like? |
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Definition
- dramas
- songs
- dances
- religious festivals
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Term
| What role did the sun god play in the Aztec sacrificial tirade? |
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Definition
| They thought the sun god needed blood to rise into the sky every day, so they needed new human sacrifices every single day. If they didn't sacrifice daily, the sun god would parish. |
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Term
| Who did the Aztecs sacrifice? |
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Definition
- enslaved persons
- criminals
- people offered as tribute by conquered nations
- PRISONERS OF WAR (preferred victims)
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Term
| Why is Montezuma II important in Aztec history? |
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Definition
| He is the ruler under which the Aztec fell. |
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Term
| How were the Aztecs finally defeated? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where did the Inca settle? |
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Definition
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Term
| How were Incan rulers chosen? |
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Definition
| They had to be one of 11 noble lineages believed to be direct descendents of the sun god Inti. |
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Term
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Definition
- under his leadership, the Inca conquered all of Peru
- ruler of Incan empire in 1438
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Term
| What was one of the things tht made the Incans so able to conquer areas? |
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Definition
| They had a powerful military, but seldom used it for anything other than symbolism of their power. They offered honorable surrenders, saying that the area could keep their customs and rulers in exchange for loyalty as an Incan state. |
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Term
| What was the name of the official Incan language? |
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Definition
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Term
| How did the Incans assert their power? |
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Definition
| They built large cities in conquered states, in which all of the government buildings looked the same. Also, all of the extensive roads systems lead to the Incan capital, Cuzco. Finally, they allowed very little private trade. |
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Term
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Definition
| extensive family system which was used for big projects such as irrigation canals, divided into 10, 100, 1000, 10000 (a chief led each group) |
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Term
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Definition
| The main thing the Incan rulers demanded, a work tribute. In turn, the Incan rulers took care of the elderly and disabled. |
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Term
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Definition
| a system of messenger-runners who ran on the Incan roads delivering messages, a kind of postal service |
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Term
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Definition
| an accounting device utilizing colored ropes and knots |
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Term
| primary creation Incan god |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Temple of the Sun in Cuzco (had gold sheeting) |
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Term
| What finally overthrew the Incans? |
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Definition
| WAR, CORRUPTION AND GREED!!! |
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