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| U.S. base in Charleston, SC which was bombarded by Confederates on 12 April 1861 marking the start of the Civil War. |
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| Very talented Confederate general who opposed both secession and slavery; he led the Army of Northern Virginia. |
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| Southern slave states that did not join the C.S.A. and included Maryland, Delaware, Kentucky, and Missouri. |
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| When armed forces prevent the transportation of goods & people into or out of an area. |
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| Conditions and practices that promote health; most camps lacked this and more soldiers died from bacteria than from bullets. |
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| A firearm with a grooved bore or barrel which causes the bullet to spin resulting in greater accuracy. |
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| First example of warships armored with iron used in the Civil War. |
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| Excellent Union general who captured Confederate Forts Henry & Donelson and won a costly victory at Shiloh in Tennessee. |
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| Two day battle fought on 6-7 April 1862 in Tennessee between Grant & Johnston which resulted in a very costly U.S. victory; about 26,000 casualties. |
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| The bloodiest single day's fighting in U.S. history happened on 17 September 1862 near Sharpsburg, MD which stopped the first Confederate invasion of the North, but resulted in over 23,000 casualties. |
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