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Chapter 15
study questions
59
History
11th Grade
01/06/2010

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Term
1. What were the debates on slavery between the Illinois Republican and Democratic candidates for the U.S. senate that occurred in seven towns from mid-August to mid-October 1858 known as?
Definition
"Lincoln-Douglas Debates"
Term
2. What was Senator Stephen A. Douglas of Illinois's nickname?
Definition
"the little giant"
Term
3. In the debates between the two candidates, what did Douglas accuse Lincoln of favoring, and what did Lincoln accuse Douglas of supporting?
Definition
Douglas accused Lincoln of favoring social equality of whites and blacks. Lincoln denied this and accused Douglas of supporting the spread of slavery.
Term
4. How could the United States be described by 1850?
Definition
much larger nation than 1800.. tripled in size, 31 states, more than half lived west of Appalachian, most rapid urbanization, per capita income had doubled.
Term
5. What authors were identified with the American Renaissance?
Definition
Henry Thoreau
Nathanial Hawthorne
Walt Whitman
Herman Melville
Emily Dickison
Frederick Douglass
Term
6. Who was the author of Walden, and what was the book about?
Definition
Henry Thoreau; consequence of the market (industrial) revolution
Term
7. Who wrote Moby Dick, and what was it about?
Definition
Herman Melville; study of nature of good and evil
Term
8. What was one of the best-selling novels in American history, who wrote it, and what did it critique?
Definition
Uncle Tom's Cabin; Harriet Beecher Stowe; critiqued slave societies
Term
9. What main characters appear in Uncle Tom's cabin?
Definition
Uncle Tom: slave, Christ-like figure
Simon Legree: white overseer, cruel
Eliza: slave mother, escaped
Eva: white child, close to Uncle Tom
Term
10. What does the map of the U.S. population and settlement in 1850 show?
Definition
most of U.S. east of Indian Territory had more than 6 people per square mile
least pop. east of Mississippi is Florida
N. Wisconsin, N. Michigan- fewer than 2 people per square mile
N. Maine- scarcely populated- less than 2 people per square mile
Term
11. What does the map of the Compromise of 1850 show in regard to the Mexican-American War?
Definition
it shows that territories obtained after the Mexican-American War: Utah territory, New Mexico territory, part of Texas, all of Arkansas
Term
12. What are examples of how national organizations were breaking into sectional parts by 1860?
Definition
Methodist (1844), Baptist (1845), Presbyterian (1847) split in North and South. American Party (political party) split over immigration
Term
13. What did John C. Calhoun argue in the debate preceding the Compromise of 1850?
Definition
-territories were the common property of each of the states
-Congress could not discriminate against slave owners
-said that Constitution protected a persons right to property everywhere
-State's Rights Doctrine as legit defense of minority rights.. Congress didn't have right to prohibit slavery in territory
Term
14. Who made up the older generation of sectional leaders who played a final role in the debates of 1850?
Definition
Daniel Webster of the North
Henry Clay of the West
John C. Calhoun of the South
Term
15. Why did the belief, that there was a southern slave-owner conspiracy to make the entire country a slave country, spread among Northerners in the 1850s?
Definition
South- defensive, wanted equality in Senate and a veto presidential candidates
Term
16. What does the emergence of the Free Soil Party in 1848 suggest in regard to its supporters?
Definition
they were advocating rights of nonslave holding whites
Term
17. What did Senator Seward of New York argue in regard to slavery?
Definition
slavery was morally wrong; intellectually severcive
Term
18. What did Southerners argue in support of the slave system?
Definition
slavery promoted democracy by ensuring the vote to the qualified people- argued slavery was the economic engine that had created national prosperity and that slavery offered a lifetime net of paternalistic benevolence of the workers (slaves). Southern slave owners said that slavery was a blessing to an inferior race
Term
19. What did the Compromise of 1850 include?
Definition
-California came in as a free state
-Other southwest territories were to be settled by popular sovereignty
-A stronger fugitive slave law was enacted
-The slave trade was outlawed in Washington, D.C.
-The Texas-New Mexico border dispute was settled
-Texas ceded lands to New Mexico Territory so that the government would pay for the $10 million of debt for Texas
Term
20. Which president died suddenly during the debate over the Compromise of 1850?
Definition
Zachary Taylor
Term
21. What law of 1850, promised in the Compromise of 1850, put the full authority of the federal government behind southern efforts to capture escaped slaves?
Definition
Fugitive Slave Law
Term
22. What former slave was involved in the most famous case of failed resistance to the enforcement of the Fugitive Slave Law?
Definition
Anthony Burns
Term
23. What impact did the Fugitive Slave Law have on blacks and on northern whites, and how rigorously did the federal government enforce it?
Definition
-enforced it rigorously
-drove many blacks to flee to Canada
-it wasn't safe to escape to North (mistake identity)
-captured slaves/blacks didn't have right to lawyer, they were at mercy of slave capturer
Term
24. Who was the last presidential candidate the Whigs ever had?
Definition
Winfield Scott
Term
25. Why was the election of 1852 important?
Definition
disagreement at conventions showed that the parties were growing weaker
Term
26. Why did Franklin Piere win the election of 1852?
Definition
-Southern Whigs voted for Piere because they disapproved of their candidate
-urban machines in North tuned out immigrant vote
-Democrats promised to enforce Fugitive Slave Law
-Piere had sympathies with the South
Term
27. What was the Ostend Manifesto?
Definition
-document composed of 3 of our ambassadors: Piere Soule, James Buchanan, John Mason "if Spain did not sell Cuba to US, we would take it"
-Antislavery people thought this territory was going to become slavery territory
Term
28. The efforts of Commodore Matthew Perry led to an 1854 treaty that opened trade with what previously isolationist Asian nation?
Definition
Japan
Term
29. What events were representative of the expansionist sentiments of the Pierce administration?
Definition
-attempt to obtain Cuba, potential take over of the Nicaragua government by William Walker
-acquisition of the Gatson purchase of Mexico
-1854 trade agreement with Japan
Term
30. What legislation, sponsored by Stephen A. Douglas, in effect repealed the Missouri Compromise in return for southern support for a transcontinental railroad to be built west of Chicago?
Definition
Kansas-Nebraska Act (Nebraska territory: Colorado, Wyoming, Montana, South Dakota)
Term
31. What political party was organized partly because of the Kansas-Nebraska Act?
Definition
Republican Party
Term
32. Who were the "Border ruffians?"
Definition
Missourians who crossed into Kansas to cause fraudulent ballots and promote pro slavery
Term
33. To what does the term "Bleeding Kansas" refer?
Definition
violence and killing between the pro-slavery and the anti-slavery forces that became open warfare in 1856
Term
34. Who intentionally contributed to the rising violence in Kansas?
Definition
-John Brown and his followers
-those who voted fraudulently
-eastern supporters
-Senator David Atchison of Missouri
Term
35. What situation showed how violent sectional feelings could become?
Definition
"Bleeding Kansas"
Term
36. Who were the Know-Nothing, and how did they get that name?
Definition
popular name for American Party who belonged to secret Protestant fraternal organizations
Term
37. What does the term Nativism refer to in the 1850s?
Definition
refers to fear and hatred of immigrants
Term
38. Why did the American Party develop?
Definition
-partly because of breakup of Whig party
-belief that immigrants were responsible for highering crime rates
-belief that Catholics were against reform and controlled by pope
-Irish immigrants support of the Democrats
Term
39. Who were the presidential candidates in the 1856 election?
Definition
-James Buchanan: democratic candidate
-John C. Fremont: republican candidate
-Milard Filmore: American party/Know-Nothing candidate
Term
40. Why did James Buchanan become the Democratic Party's candidate in 1856?
Definition
He was ambassador to Great Britain so he was out of the country and never took a stance on the Kansas-Nebraska Act. He was a Northerner but he agreed with the South
Term
41. Why was the election of 1856 actually two elections?
Definition
1 in the North, 1 in the South. Fremont was only on 4 ballots of states in the South because the Republican Party didn't want slavery to spread into new territories
Term
42. Who beat Charles Sumner senseless on the Senate floor in 1856?
Definition
Congressman Preston Brooks
Term
43. What resulted from the Dred Scott decision?
Definition
-Missouri Compromise was unconstitutional
-The decision raised the Northern fear that slavery would become the national norm
-The decision made Southerners feel that their view on slavery was the correct one
-The national government could not interfere with the movement of property throughout territories
Term
44. What was the state constitution of Kansas, under which the pro-slavery territorial government applied for admission to the Union in 1857, known as?
Definition
The Lecompton Constitution
Term
45. What resulted from the application if the doctrine of popular sovereignty in Kansas?
Definition
-produced 2 territorial governments (1 proslavery, 1 antislavery)
-bogus proslavery constitution
Term
46. What convinced the South that its system was superior?
Definition
Panic of 1857
Term
47. What resulted from John Brown's raid on Harpers Ferry?
Definition
-Brown was captured by Robert E. Lee: he was taken as prisoner and then killed
-made Brown a martyr in the North
-fear of slave rebellion
-convinced many Southerners that succession was the only possible response
-8 of his men died during the actual raid
Term
48. Who were the elite "Secret Six" who provided John Brown with financial support?
Definition
-Theodore Parker
-Thomas Wintworth Higginson
-Samuel Gridley Howe
-George Sterns
-Gerrit Smith
-Franklin Sanborn
Term
49. What does the map titled "The South Secedes" show?
Definition
-states of Lower South succeeded before the fall of Fort Sumter
-states of Upper South (Arkansas, Virginia, North Carolina, Tennessee) succeeded after the fall of Fort Sumter
-4 border states (Delaware, Maryland, Missouri, Kentucky) did not succeed
-No pockets of resistance in North Carolina
Term
50. To what does the term "irrepressible conflict" refer?
Definition
Civil War was unavoidable (William Seward)
Term
51. What does the map of the election of 1860 show?
Definition
-shows John C. Breckinridge (Southern Democratic candidate) won the deep South
-Stephen A. Douglas was Northern Democratic candidate
-John Bell was the Constitutional Union Party candidate and won 3 states in the Upper South
-Abraham Lincoln was the Republican Candidate and he won 5 states that Republican party had lost in 1856. he became president
Term
52. Who was the only national candidate in the election of 1860?
Definition
Stephen A. Douglas
Term
53. What did the Republican platform of 1860 include?
Definition
-support for Homestead Act, free Western land
-protective tariff
-no extended slavery in the North
-other internal improvement- Morrill Landgrant Act
Term
54. What was the first state to secede on December 20, 1860?
Definition
-South Carolina
-Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, Texas followed suit in the next 6 weeks and succeeded
Term
55. How were Southerners divided when the southern states began to secede?
Definition
They were divided by up country (mountainous) and low country (close to ocean)
Term
56. When the Lower South seceded, what did Lincoln believe he should do?
Definition
hold firm and wait
Term
57. What does the constitution of the Confederate States of America suggest in regard to the primary reason that the South seceded?
Definition
-preserve/protect slavery
-Montgomery, Alabama was capital of South
-identical to the Union's constitution, but it supported state rights and make abolition nearly impossible
Term
58. What was the strategy of the Confederates at the Montgomery convention?
Definition
-chose moderates as leaders
-Jefferson David was president
-Alexander Stephens was vice president
Term
59. What do the days surrounding Lincoln's inauguration show?
Definition
That he did not want to go to war but would if it was necessary
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