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Chapter 1
The Human Body: An Orientation
26
Anatomy
Undergraduate 1
09/20/2011

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Term
Anatomy
Definition
studies the structure of body parts and their relationship to one another
Term
Physiology
Definition
studies the function of the body; how body parts work and carry out their life-sustaining activities
Term
Gross Anatomy (Macroscopic)
Definition
study of large body structures visible to the naked eye
Term
Microscopic Anatomy
Definition
studies structures too small to be seen with the naked eye
Term
Developmental Anatomy
Definition
traces structural changes that occur in the body throughout the life span
Term
Embryology
Definition

-subdivision of developmental anatomy

-concerns developmental changes that occur before birth

Term

Levels of Structural Organization

(lowest to highest)

Definition
1. chemical level, 2. cellular level, 3. tissue level, 4. organ level, 5. organ system level, 6. organismal level
Term
Organ
Definition
structure composed of atleast two tissue types that perform a specific function for the body
Term
Organ System
Definition
organs that work together to accomplish a common purpose
Term
Tissue
Definition
groups of similar cells that have a common function
Term
Function Vs. Structure
Definition
anatomy and physiology are inseparable because function always reflects structure
Term
Homeostasis
Definition
ability to maintain relatively stable internal conditions even though the outside world changes continuously; dynamic state of equilibrium
Term
Homeostatic Control
Definition
Receptor -> Control Center -> Effector
Term
Negative Feedback Mechanism
Definition
the output shuts off the original effect of the stimulus or reduces its intensity
Term
Positive Feedback Mechanism
Definition
the result or response enhances the original stimulus so that the response is accelerated; EX. labor contractions
Term
Homeostatic Imbalance
Definition
occurs when the usual negative feedback mechanisms are overwhelmed and destructive positive feedback mechanisms take over; EX. heart failure
Term
Anatomical Position
Definition
standard body position; body is erect with feet slightly apart
Term
Axial part
Definition
makes up the main axis of our body; head, neck, trunk
Term
Appendicular part
Definition
consists of the appendages, or limbs, which are attached to the body's axis
Term
Sagittal Plane
Definition
a vertical plane that divides the body into right and left parts
Term
Frontal plane
Definition
vertically divides the body into anterior and posterior parts
Term
Transverse Plane
Definition
runs horizontally, dividing the body into superior and inferior parts
Term
Dorsal Body Cavity
Definition
protects the fragile nervous system organs
Term
Ventral Body Cavity
Definition
houses internal visceral organs
Term
Serous Membrane (Serosa)
Definition
the walls of the ventral body cavity and the outer surfaces of the organs it contains are covered by a thin, double membrane
Term
Serous fluid
Definition
thin layer of lubricating fluid; allows the organs to slide without friction across the cavity walls and one another as they carry out their routine functions
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