Term
| From what did the European voyages of discovery derive |
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Definition
| the desire to share in and control the wealth coming from the indian ocean trade |
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Term
| with which christian state in Africa did European rulers have occasional contact |
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Definition
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Term
| which of the following best characterizes Venice's trade with Mamluk Egypt in the fifteenth century |
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Definition
| the trade was small in volume but highly profitable |
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Term
| what renaissance characteristic did the European expansion manifest |
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Definition
| a curiosity about geography and the peoples of the world |
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Term
| the crews of ships of European exploration included all of the following except |
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Definition
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Term
| what role did Prince Henry play in European expansion |
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Definition
| He supported the study of geography and navigation and sponsored expeditions down the coast of africa |
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Term
| how did the portuguese gain control of port city-states in the indian ocean |
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Definition
| the portuguese bombarded the ports in order to force them to open trade with the portuguese |
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Term
| what rewards was columbus to receive if he was successful on his initial voyage |
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Definition
| columbus was to be named viceroy over any territory he discovered and would receive one-tenth of the material rewards of his journey |
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Term
| how did the treaty of tordesillas divide the globe |
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Definition
| spain was given control of everything to the west of a line drawn down the atlantic and portugal was given everything to the east |
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Term
| why did fierce competition emerge over cod in the waters off newfoundland |
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Definition
| the catholic prohibition of eating meat on fridays and during lent created a thriving european market for fish |
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Term
| what aided hernando cortes in his final victory over the mexica in 1621 |
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Definition
| smallpox had weakened and reduced the mexica population |
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Term
| How did the French colonial effort differ from that of the spanish and english |
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Definition
| France's colonial population was much smaller but french explorers followed the waterways of the new world to establish a presence over a vast territory |
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Term
| how did the encomienda system function |
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Definition
| the spanish crown granted colonists the right to employ groups of native americans as laborers or to demand tribute from them in exchange for giving them food and shelter |
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Term
| how did english cultural attitudes toward native americans differ from french cultural attitudes |
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Definition
| the english drew strict boundaries between european and native american societies while the french promoted ties between the two societies |
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Term
| what crop did the spanish establish in all of their american settlements |
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Definition
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Term
| sugar production placed stress on laborers for all of the following reasons except |
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Definition
| the high mountain plantations placed stress on the respiratory systems of the laborers |
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Term
| who was hurt and who was helped by price inflation in 16th century europe |
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Definition
| people living on fixed incomes such as nobles were hurt while those who owed fixed sums of money such as the middle class prospered |
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Term
| the dutch achieved all of the following in the americas except for |
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Definition
| taking over the potosi silver mi |
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Term
| how did european ideas about africans develop as the practice of slavery developed |
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Definition
| africans were increasingly viewed as utterly distinct from and inferior to europeans |
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Term
| Michael de Montaigne made use of the tradition of skepticism which emphasized |
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Definition
| doubt that total certainty or definitive knowledge can ever be obtained |
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Term
| how were most of the cities around the indian ocean politically organized |
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Definition
| they were autonomous self-governing cities |
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Term
| how did the ottoman expansion effect european trade |
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Definition
| it led europeans to seek new trade routes to asia |
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Term
| in the 15th century which italian city became increasingly focused on trade and finance in the western mediterranean and along the atlantic coast |
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Definition
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Term
| in the 15th century spices from the east were desirable to europeans for all of the following reasons except |
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Definition
| spices could be used as a food preservative |
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Term
| arab ships introduced what innovation to Europeans |
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Definition
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Term
| what type of relationship did Vasco da Gama forge with local powers in Calicut |
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Definition
| he angered Muslim merchants with his arrogance and failed to forge any trading alliances |
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Term
| What were the portolans that aided in Portuguese shipping |
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Definition
| written descriptions of the courses along which ships sailed |
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Term
| which of the following best characterizes Columbus' success in administering the lands he discovered |
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Definition
| his poor leadership led to a revolt and he was returned to spain in chains though he was quickly cleared of wrongdoing |
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Term
| in the early decades of atlantic exploration english and french explorers sought |
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Definition
| a northwest passage to the indies |
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Term
| what factor was most important in the success of Cortes and Pizarro |
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Definition
| the exploitation of internal conflicts within the empires they overthrew |
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Term
| How did Francisco Pizarro respond when Atahualpa sought to lure him into a trap |
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Definition
| pizarro ambushed and captured Atahualpa collected a large ransom for him and then executed him |
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Term
| what role did intendants serve in spanish america |
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Definition
| the intendants held broad administrative military and judicial powers and reported directly to the monarchy |
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Term
| Forced labor affected native American society in all of the following ways except |
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Definition
| Native americans were exposed as being physically frailerthan african slaves |
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Term
| How did Mestizos differ from mulattoes |
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Definition
| mestizo referred to people of mixed Native American and european origin while mulatto referred to people of mixedAfrican and european origin |
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Term
| why had the supply of slaves diminished in the Mediterranean by the beginning of the 16th century |
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Definition
| the ottoman capture of constantinople and the christian conquest of spain had cut off or greatly reduced traditional sources of slaves |
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Term
| why did Spain's productive capacity decline during its golden age |
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Definition
| the spanish economy could not meet the demand for goods, leading to widespread inflation, which in turn increased production costs |
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Term
| in asia the dutch focused on gaining control over |
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Definition
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Term
| when Europeans first began enslaving africans how did they justify the practice |
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Definition
| the primitive africans would benefit from enslavement by learning of Christianity |
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Term
| the works of Michael de Montaigne suggested the idea that |
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Definition
| no culture can be considered to be superior to another |
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Term
| William Shakespeare's last play the tempest seems to echo |
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Definition
| the problems of imperial conquest and settlement in the 16th century |
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