Shared Flashcard Set

Details

Chapter 15 SNOW COLLEGE
Articulations (Dr. G)
106
Anatomy
Undergraduate 1
10/12/2011

Additional Anatomy Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
What is a synonym for articulation? (HW - page 251)
Definition
Joint
Term
What is the study of joints? (HW - page 251)
Definition
Arthrology
Term
How do mobility and stability relate to one another? (HW - page 251)
Definition
Inversely - as one increases the other decreases.
Term
Based on structure (the type of connective tissue binding bones and whether a space occurs), what are the three types of joints? (HW - page 251)
Definition
"Fibrous
Cartilaginous
Synovial
"
Term
Based on function (the extent of movement), what are three types of joints? (HW - page 251)
Definition
"Synarthrosis
Amphiarthrosis
Diarthrosis
"
Term
What are three characteristics of fibrous joints? (HW - page 252)
Definition
"Joined by dense regular connective tissue
Immovable or only slightly movable
No joint cavity
"
Term
Where do gomphoses occur in the human body? (HW - page 252)
Definition
"Articulations of teeth
"
Term
How are gomphoses classified functionally? (HW - page 252)
Definition
Synarthrosis
Term
What is a suture? (HW - page 253)
Definition
"Immovable fibrous joints
"
Term
Where to sutures occur in the human body? What is a suture? (HW - page 253)
Definition
"Only in the skull
"
Term
How are sutures classified functionally? (HW - page 253)
Definition
Synarthroses
Term
What is a syndesmosis? (HW - page 253)
Definition
Fibrous joints in which articulating bones are joined by long strands of dense regular connective tissue
Term
How are syndesmoses classified functionally? (HW - page 253)
Definition
Amphiarthroses
Term
What broad ligamentous sheet connect bones in a syndesmosis? (HW - page 253)
Definition
"Interosseous membrane
"
Term
Where do syndesmoses occur in the human body? (HW - page 253)
Definition
At the distal articulations between the radius and ulna and between the tibia and fibula
Term
List the three types of fibrous joints. (HW - page 253)
Definition
"Gomphosis
Suture
Syndesmosis
"
Term
Cartilaginous joints are obviously linked by cartilage. Do they have a joint cavity? (HW - page 253)
Definition
No
Term
What type of cartilage joins bones in synchondroses? (HW - page 253)
Definition
Hyaline
Term
What is the example of synchondroses within growing bones? (HW - page 253)
Definition
"Epiphyseal plates
"
Term
What are the two examples within the rib cage? (HW - page 253)
Definition
"The first sternocostal joint
The costochondral joints
"
Term
What is the functional classification of synchondroses? (HW - page 253)
Definition
Synarthroses
Term
What type of cartilage holds bones together in symphyses? (HW - page 254)
Definition
Fibrocartilage
Term
What is the functional classification of symphyses? (HW - page 254)
Definition
Amphiarthroses
Term
List two examples of symphyses? (HW - page 254)
Definition
"Pubic symphysis
Intervertebral joints between the bodies of vertebrae
"
Term
List the two types of cartilaginous joints? (HW - page 254)
Definition
"Synchondroses
Symphyses
"
Term
Do synovial joints have a joint cavity? (HW - page 254)
Definition
Yes
Term
What is the functional classification of synovial joints? (HW - page 254)
Definition
Diarthroses
Term
What structure surrounds a synovial joint and forms its cavity? (HW - page 255)
Definition
"Articular capsule (joint capsule)
"
Term
What is the outer layer of a joint capsule? (HW - page 255)
Definition
"Fibrous (joint) capsule
"
Term
What is the inner layer of a joint capsule? (HW - page 255)
Definition
"Synovial membrane
"
Term
What liquid fills the joint cavity of a synovial joint? (HW - page 255)
Definition
"Synovial fluid
"
Term
What structure forms the liquid that fills the joint cavity of a synovial joint? (HW - page 255)
Definition
"Synovial membrane
"
Term
What are the three functions of synovial fluid? (HW - page 255)
Definition
"Lubricates
Nourishes
Shock absorption
"
Term
What type of cartilage covers the articulating surfaces of bones in a synovial joint? (HW - page 255)
Definition
"Hyaline cartilage
"
Term
What is the thin layer of hyaline cartilage on the articulating surfaces of bones called? (HW - page 255)
Definition
"Articular cartilage
"
Term
What are the functions of articulating cartilage? (HW - page 255)
Definition
"Reduce friction
Absorb compression
Prevents damage to articulating bones
"
Term
What are bands of dense regular connective tissue that join bone to bone? (HW - page 255)
Definition
Ligaments
Term
What is a fibrous, saclike structure that is lined with synovial membrane, contains synovial fluid, and reduce friction during movement? (HW - page 255)
Definition
Bursa
Term
What are elongated bursae wrapped around tendons? (HW - page 255)
Definition
"Tendon sheaths
"
Term
Based on movement with respect three intersecting perpendicular planes, what type of synovial joint moves in one plane? (HW - page 256)
Definition
Uniaxial
Term
Based on movement with respect three intersecting perpendicular planes, what type of synovial joint moves in two planes? (HW - page 256)
Definition
Biaxial
Term
Based on movement with respect three intersecting perpendicular planes, what type of synovial joint moves in multiple planes? (HW - page 256)
Definition
"Multiaxial (triaxial)
"
Term
Based on function, what type of joints are all synovial joints? (HW - page 256)
Definition
"Diarthroses (freely movable)
"
Term
What type of synovial joint is uniaxial and is the simplest? (HW - page 256)
Definition
"Plane (planar or gliding) joint
"
Term
What type of synovial joint is uniaxial and composed of one convex surface fitting into a concave surface and allows movement in only one plane? (HW - page 256)
Definition
"Hinge joint
"
Term
What type of synovial joint is uniaxial and is formed by a rounded surface fitting into a ring formed by a ligament and another bone? This type of joint allows the rotation of one bone around its long axis in relation to the second bone? (HW - page 256)
Definition
"Pivot joint
"
Term
What type of synovial joint is biaxial with an oval, convex surface on one bone articulating with an oval, concave surface on a second bone? (HW - page 258)
Definition
Condylar (condyloid or ellipsoid) joint
Term
What type of synovial joint is formed by two opposing articular surfaces that are convex in one direction and concave in another and that permit movements in all directions except axial rotation? (HW - page 258)
Definition
"Saddle joint
"
Term
What type of synovial joint is multiaxial and is formed by a spherical articulating head of one bone fitting into a rounded, cuplike socket on a second bone? (HW - page 258)
Definition
"Ball-and-socket joint
"
Term
What type of movement of a synovial joint involves a simple movement in which two opposing surfaces slide slightly back-and-forth or side-to-side with respect to one another? In this type the angle between the bones does not change and only limited movement is possible in any direction. (HW - page 259)
Definition
"Gliding motion
"
Term
What type of movement involves an increase or decrease in a joint angle? (HW - page 259)
Definition
"Angular motion
"
Term
What type of movement is the lateral carrying away of a body part from the midline? (HW - page 259)
Definition
"Abduction (A-B-duction)
"
Term
What type of movement is the medial movement of a body part toward the midline? (HW - page 260)
Definition
"Adduction (A-D-duction)
"
Term
What type of movement brings about a decrease in the angle of a joint? (HW - page 259)
Definition
Flexion
Term
What type of movement brings about an increase in the angle of a joint? (HW - page 259)
Definition
"Extension
"
Term
What type of movement increases the angle of a joint beyond 180 degrees (beyond the anatomical position)? (HW - page 259)
Definition
Hyperextension
Term
What type of movement occurs when the trunk of the body moves in a coronal plane laterally? (HW - page 259)
Definition
"Lateral flexion
"
Term
What type of movement is a sequence of movements in which the proximal end of an appendage remains relatively stationary while the distal end makes a circular motion? (HW - page 260)
Definition
Circumduction
Term
What type of movement is a pivoting motion in which a bone turns on its own long axis? (HW - page 260)
Definition
Rotation
Term
What type of movement is a pivoting motion in which a bone turns on its own long axis so that the anterior surface moves laterally? (HW - page 260)
Definition
"Lateral rotation
"
Term
What type of movement is a pivoting motion in which a bone turns on its own long axis so that the anterior surface moves medially? (HW - page 260)
Definition
"Medial rotation
"
Term
What type of movement is the inferior movement of a body part? (HW - page 262)
Definition
Depression
Term
What type of movement is the superior movement of a body part? (HW - page 262)
Definition
"Plantar flexion
"
Term
What type of movement occurs when the wrist moves to decrease the between the palm and the forearm? (HW)
Definition
"Palmar flexion
"
Term
What type of movement occurs when the intertarsal joints are moved to face the sole of the foot laterally? (HW - page 262)
Definition
Eversion
Term
What type of movement occurs when the intertarsal joints are moved to turn the sole of the foot medially ?(HW - page 262)
Definition
Inversion
Term
What type of movement occurs so that the palm of the hand is directed posteriorly or inferiorly? (HW - page 260)
Definition
Pronation
Term
What type of movement occurs so that the palm of the hand is directed anteriorly or superiorly? (HW - page 260)
Definition
"Supination
"
Term
What type of movement occurs when a body part moves anteriorly in a horizontal plane? (HW - page 262)
Definition
Protraction
Term
What type of movement occurs when a body part moves posteriorly in a horizontal plane? (HW - page 263)
Definition
Retraction
Term
What movement occurs when the thumb moves toward the palmar tips of the fingers as it crosses the palm of the head? (HW - page 263)
Definition
Opposition
Term
What movement occurs when the thumb moves away from the palmar tips of the fingers? (HW - page 263)
Definition
Reposition
Term
What joint occurs between the temporal bone and the mandible? (HW - page 263)
Definition
Temporomandibular joint
Term
What structures separate the bodies of the vertebrae from C2-C3 to L5-S1? (HW - page 264)
Definition
"Intervertebral discs
"
Term
What are the two components of an intervertebral disc? (HW - page 264)
Definition
"Anulus fibrosus
Nucleus pulposus
"
Term
Synovial joints occur between what parts of vertebrae from C2 to L5-S1? (HW)
Definition
Superior and inferior articular processes
Term
What saddle joint is the only articulation between the pectoral girdle and the axial skeleton? (HW - page 266)
Definition
"Sternoclavicular joint
"
Term
What joint occurs between the scapula and the clavicle? (HW - page 267)
Definition
"Acromioclavicular joint
"
Term
What is the most unstable joint of the body? (HW - page 267)
Definition
"Glenohumeral (shoulder) joint
"
Term
What three joints occur at what is commonly called the elbow? (HW - page 269)
Definition
"Humeroulnar joint
Humeroradial joint
Proximal radioulnar joint
"
Term
Which of the two bones of the forearm is involved in the articulation with the carpals? (HW - page 270)
Definition
"Radius
"
Term
Of the eight carpals, which are involved in the articulation with the forearm? (HW - page 270)
Definition
"Scaphoid
Lunate
Triquetrum
"
Term
What articulations occur between the carpals? (HW - page 270)
Definition
"Intercarpal articulations
"
Term
What joints lie between the carpals and metacarpals? (HW)
Definition
"Carpometacarpal joints
"
Term
What joints lie between the metacarpals and the phalanges? (HW)
Definition
"Metacarpophalangeal joints
"
Term
What joints lie between the proximal phalanx and the middle phalanx of digits 2-5? (HW)
Definition
"Proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joints
"
Term
What joints lie between the middle phalanx and the distal phalanx of digits 2-5? (HW)
Definition
"Distal interphalangeal (DIP) joints
"
Term
What joint lies between the phalanges of the first digit? (HW)
Definition
"Interphalangeal joint
"
Term
What ligament originates along the acetabulum and attaches to the fovea capitis femoris? It must be cut during total hip arthroplasties which are relatively common. (HW - page 274)
Definition
"Ligamentum teres (ligament of the head of the femur - ligamentum capitus femoris)
"
Term
What two articulations make up the knee? (HW - page 275)
Definition
"Tibiofemoral joint
Patellofemoral joint
"
Term
What structure joints the quadriceps femoris to the patella? (HW - page 276)
Definition
"Quadriceps tendon
"
Term
What structure joints the patella to the tibia? (HW - page 276)
Definition
Patellar ligament
Term
What ligament connects the femur and the fibula and prevents hyperadduction? (HW - page 275)
Definition
"Lateral (fibular) collateral ligament
"
Term
What ligament connects the femur and the tibia and prevents hyperabduction? (HW - page 275)
Definition
"Medial (tibial) collateral ligament
"
Term
What two C-shaped pads of fibrocartilage lie between the femoral and tibia condyles? (HW - page 278)
Definition
"Medial meniscus
Lateral meniscus
"
Term
Which of the menisci within the knee is attached to a collateral ligament? (HW - page 278)
Definition
"Medial meniscus
"
Term
What two ligaments within the knee cross to form a “X” or crucifix? (HW - page 278)
Definition
"Anterior cruciate ligament
Posterior cruciate ligament
"
Term
Which of the cruciate ligaments tightens on extension to prevent hyperextension? (HW - page 278)
Definition
"Anterior cruciate ligament
"
Term
Which of the cruciate ligaments tightens on flexion to prevent hyperflexion? (HW - page 278)
Definition
"Posterior cruciate ligament
"
Term
What three bones are involved in the ankle joint? (HW - page 278)
Definition
"Tibia
Fibula
Talus
"
Term
What ligament binds the tibia to the foot on the medial side and prevents overeversion? (HW - page 279)
Definition
"Deltoid ligament
"
Term
What ligament binds the fibula to the foot and prevents overinversion? (HW - page 279)
Definition
"Lateral ligament
"
Term
What group of joints within the foot allows inversion and eversion? (HW - page 279)
Definition
"Intertarsal joints
"
Term
What joints within the foot lie between the tarsals and metatarsals? (HW - page 279)
Definition
"Tarsometatarsal joints
"
Term
What joints within the foot lie between the metatarsals and phalanges? (HW - page 280)
Definition
"Metatarsophalangeal joints
"
Term
What joints within the foot lie between the phalanges? (HW - page 280)
Definition
"Interphalangeal joints
"
Supporting users have an ad free experience!