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Chapter 1
Basic Anatomy
57
Anatomy
Undergraduate 4
06/20/2011

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Cards

Term
Integumentary System
Definition
-Provides protection
-regulates body temp
-site of cutaneous receptors
-synthesizes vitamin D
-Prevents water loss
Term
Skeletal System
Definition
-Provides support and protection
-Site of hemopoiesis (blood cell production)
-Stores calcium and phosphorus
-Provides sites for muscle attachments
Term
Muscular System
Definition
-Produces body movement
-Generates heat when muscles contract
Term
Nervous System
Definition
-Regulatory, controls body movement
-Responds to sensory stimuli
-Helps control all other systems of the body
-Responsible for consciousness, intelligence, and memory
Term
Endocrine System
Definition
-Consists of glands and cell clusters that secrete hormones, some of which regulate body and cellular growth, chemicals levels in the body, and reproductive functions.
Term
Cardiovascular System
Definition
-Consists of the hear (pump), blood, and blood vessels
-Heart moves blood through blood vessels in order to distribute hormones, nutrients, and gases, and pick up waste products
Term
Lymphatic System
Definition
-Transports and filters lymph (interstitial fluid transported through lymph vessels) and initiates an immune response when necessary.
Term
Respiratory System
Definition
-Responsible for exchange of gases (oxygen and carbon dioxide) between blood and the air in the lungs.
Term
Digestive System
Definition
-Mechanically and chemically digests food materials, absorbs nutrients, and expels waste products.
Term
Urinary System
Definition
-Filters blood and removes waste products from the blood
-Concentrates waste products in the form of urine
-Expels urine from the body
Term
Male Reproductive System
Definition
-Produces male sex cells (sperm) and male hormones (e.g. testosterone)
-Transfers sperm to the female
Term
Female Reproductive System
Definition
-Produces female sex cells (oocytes) and female hormones (estrogen and progesterone)
-Receives sperm from male
-Site fertilization of oocyte
-Site of growth and development if embryo and fetus
Term
Chemical Level
Definition
-Atoms
-Molecules
Term
Atoms
Definition
-Found in the Chemical level
-Smallest units of matter
Term
Molecules
Definition
-Found in Chemical level
-Made up of two or more atoms
-Join in specific ways to form cells
Term
Cells
Definition
-Made up of joined molecules
-Basic units of structure and function in organisms
Term
Cellular Level
Definition
-Organelles permit all living cells to share certain common functions.
Term
Tissue Level
Definition
-Composed of groups of cells with a common function
Term
Tissues
Definition
-Precise organizations of similar cells that perform specialized functions (epithelial, connection, nervous,and muscle).
Term
Organ Level
Definition
-Different tissue types combine to form an organ.
Term
Organs
Definition
-Contain two or more tissue types that work together to perform specific, complex functions.
Term
Organ System Level
Definition
-Related organs that work together to coordinate activities and achieve a common function.
Term
Organisimal Level
Definition
-Highest level of structural organization
Term
Anterior
Definition
Closer to the front
Term
Posterior
Definition
Closer to the back
Term
Dorsal
Definition
Back side
Term
Ventral
Definition
Belly side
Term
Superior
Definition
Closer to the head
Term
Inferior
Definition
Closer to the feet
Term
Cranial
Definition
Head end
Term
Caudal
Definition
Tail or rear end
Term
Medial
Definition
Towards the midline
Term
Lateral
Definition
Away from the midline
Term
Superficial
Definition
On the outside
Term
Deep
Definition
On the inside
Term
Proximal
Definition
Closer to the point of attachment
Term
Distal
Definition
Farther from the point of attachment
Term
RUQ
Definition
-Liver
-Gallbladder
Term
LUQ
Definition
-Stomach
Term
RLQ
Definition
-Intestines
-Bladder
-Appendix
Term
LLQ
Definition
-Intestines
-Bladder
Term
Serous Membranes
Definition
-Two layered sack
Visceral layer covers organs
Parietal layer lines body cavity
-Contains lube film of serous fluid coming from serous membrane (reduces friction of moving organs)
Term
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
Definition
-Best for soft structures
Term
Radiography
Definition
- Xrays
-Best for hard structures (bone)
Term
Computed Tomography
Definition
-CT scan or CAT scan
-Computer puts together x-ray images from many angles
Term
Sonography
Definition
-Ultrasound
Term
Anglography
Definition
-Visualizes blood vessels
Term
Positron Emission Tomography
Definition
-Creates a functional map of an organ
Term
Cranial Cavity
Definition
-Formed by cranium
-Houses brain
Term
Vertebral Canal
Definition
-Formed by vertebral column
-Contains spinal cord
Term
Thoracic Cavity
Definition
-Chest cavity
-Borered anteriorly and laterally by chest wall and inferiorly by diaphragm
Term
Mediastinum Cavity
Definition
-In thoracic cavity
-Contains pericardial cavity, thymus, trachea, esophagus, and major blood vessels
Term
Pericardial Cavity
Definition
-In thoracic cavity
-Contains the heart
-Pericardium serous membrane
Term
Pleural Cavity
Definition
-In thoracic cavity
-Contains the lungs
-Pleura serous membrane
Term
Abdominopelvic Cavity
Definition
Composed of two parts- abdominal and pelvic cavities
Term
Abdominal Cavity
Definition
-In the abdominopelvic cavity
-Associated with abdominal viscera including stomach, spleen, liver, pancreas, small intestine, most of large intestine, kidneys, and ureters
Term
Pelvic Cavity
Definition
-In the abdominopelvic cavity
-Associated with pelvic viscera including urinary bladder and urethra, internal reproductive organs, and some of the large intestine
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