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Chapter 13: Neural Tissue
Nervous System- Neural Tissue
33
Anatomy
Undergraduate 1
11/29/2011

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Term
What are the 2 subdivisions of the nervous system?
Definition
  1. CNS: central nervous system
    • brain and spinal cord
    • sensory input and output
  2. PNS: peripheral nervous system
    • all neural tissue outside CNS
    • carries motor commands from CNS to peripheral tissues and systems
Term
What are the two subdivisions of the PNS?
Definition
  1. Afferent Division
    • brings sensory info to the CNS
  2. Efferent Division
    • carries motor commands to muscles and glands
Term
What are the three places the afferent division retrieves information from to deliver to the CNS?
Definition
  1. somatic sensory receptors
  2. visceral sensory receptors
  3. special sense organs
Term
What is the Somatic Nervous System?
Definition

controls skeletal muscle contractions

(voluntary or involuntary)

Term
What is the Autonomic Nervous System?
Definition

regulates smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glandular activity

(involuntary)

Term
What two types of cells are found in neural tissue?
Definition
neurons (nerve cells) & neuroglia
Term
What are neurons responsible for?
Definition
the transfer and processing of information
Term
What is multiplesclerosis?
Definition
wasting away of the myelin sheath along the axon
Term
Brief structure of a neuron
Definition
cell body (soma) with several branching dendrites; elongated axon attached to cell body ends at one or more synaptic terminals; myelin sheath surrounds axon and at synaptic terminals the neurons communicate
Term
Anaxonic Neurons
Definition
  • no clues to distinguish dendrites from axon
  • found only in CNS
Term
Bipolar Neurons
Definition
  • a single dendrite and axon
  • rare but play an important role in relaying sensory info
  • axons are not myelinated
Term
Pseudounipolar Neurons
Definition
  • continuous dendritic and axonal processes
  • cell body lays off to one side
Term
multipolar neurons
Definition
  • have several dendrites and a single axon that may have one or more branches
  • most common type in CNS
Term
Sensory Neurons
Definition
what you feel
Term
Motor Neurons
Definition
what you do
Term
Interneurons
Definition
connect motor and sensory
Term
Sensory information always enters the _________ spinal cord
Definition
POSTERIOR
Term
Afferent information enters the ___________ spinal cord
Definition
POSTERIOR
Term
Motor information always enter the ___________ spinal cord
Definition
ANTERIOR
Term
Efferent information always enters the _____________ spinal cord
Definition
ANTERIOR
Term
What forms the afferent division of the PNS?
Definition
sensory neurons (pseudounipolar neurons)
Term
What do somatic sensory neurons do?
Definition
transmit info about the outside world and our position within it
Term
What do visceral sensory neurons do?
Definition
transmit info about internal conditions and the status of other organ systems
Term
viscera
Definition
internal organs
Term
exteroceptors
Definition
provide info about the external environment in the form of touch, temperature, and pressure sensations and the more complex sensations of sight, smell, and hearing
Term
proprioceptors
Definition
monitor the position and movement of skeletal muscles and joints
Term
interoceptors
Definition
monitor the digestive, respiratory, cardiovascular, urinary, and reproductive systems and provide sensations of deep pressure and pain as well as taste
Term
what neurons form the efferent version of the nervous system?
Definition
motor neurons (multipolar)
Term
interneurons
Definition
  • connects afferent to efferent neurons
  • located entirely within brain and spinal cord
  • OUTNUMBER A OTHER NEURONS COMBINED BOTH IN NUMBER AND TYPES
Term
What are the 2 classifications of interneurons?
Definition
excitatory or inhibitory
Term
What is excitability?
Definition
ability of a cell membrane to conduct electrical impulses
Term
Action potential
Definition
develops after the membrane is stimulated to a level known as the threshold, then permeability to sodium and potassium ions changes
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