Term
| Which cranial nerve: are purely sensory (two nerves) |
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Definition
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Term
| Which cranial nerve: serves the sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which cranial nerve: it is really a brain tract? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which cranial nerve: causes pupillary constriction |
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Definition
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Term
| Which cranial nerve: is the major sensory nerve of the face? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which cranial nerve: allows you to look side to side? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which cranial nerve: helps regulate heart activity? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which cranial nerve: serves the tongue muscles? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which cranial nerve: is impaired in Bell's palsy? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which cranial nerve: helps you to hear and to maintain your balance? |
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Definition
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Term
| The entire spinal cord is divided into ___ segments?(how many) |
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Definition
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Term
| The cranial nerves that are involved in sensing taste are___? |
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Definition
| VII, IX, and X (Facial, Glossopharyngeal, and Vagus |
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Term
| The spinothalamic tract conducts impulses___ (in what direction?) |
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Definition
| up the spinal cord to the thalamus |
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Term
| Gray matter in the spinal cord is mostly___ |
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Definition
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Term
| Problems in balance may follow trauma to which nerve? |
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Definition
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Term
| Enlargements of the spinal cord occur___ |
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Definition
| in segments of the spinal cord that control limbs |
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Term
| The only cranial nerve that is attached to the cerebrum is the ___? |
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Definition
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Term
| IF the dorsal root of a spinal nerve is severed, ___.(what would happen?) |
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Definition
| incoming sensory information would be disrupted. |
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Term
| Damage to which cranial nerve could result in death? |
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Definition
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Term
| A fracture of the ethmoid bone could result in damage to which cranial nerve? |
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Definition
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Term
| The cranial nerve that has three branches is___? |
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Definition
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Term
| The posterior horns of the spinal cord contain___. |
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Definition
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Term
| There are ___ pairs of cranial nerves. (how many) |
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Definition
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Term
| Axons crossing from one side of the spinal cord to the other within the gray matter are found in the___ |
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Definition
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Term
| Blood vessels servicing the spinal cord are found in the___ |
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Definition
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Term
| An individual accidentally transected the spinal cord between T1 and L1. This would result in ____. |
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Definition
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Term
| The white matter in the spinal cord contains___. |
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Definition
| myelinated and unmyelinated nerve fibers |
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Term
| The projections of gray matter toward the outer surface of the spinal cord are called ___. |
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Definition
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Term
| The horns of the spinal cord contain |
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Definition
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Term
| Motor innervation of the muscles of facial expression is through the ___. |
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Definition
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Term
| The cranial nerves that are primarily sensory include___. |
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Definition
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Term
| The specialized membranes that protect the spinal cord are termed___. |
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Definition
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Term
| What three things does PNS include? |
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Definition
| sensory receptors, peripheral nerves and their associated ganglia, and efferent motor endings. |
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Term
| ___ is the awareness of the stimulus and ____ is the interpretation of the meaning of the stimulus. |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the three ways to classify sensory receptors? |
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Definition
1) by the type of stimulus
2) by their body location
3) by their structural complexity |
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Term
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Definition
| respond to mechanical force such as touch, pressure (including blood pressure), vibration and stretch. |
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Term
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Definition
| respond to temperature changes |
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Term
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Definition
| respond to light; Ex: found in retina of the eye |
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Term
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Definition
| respond to chemicals in solution (molecules smelled or tasted, or changes in blood or interstitial fluid chemistry). |
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Term
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Definition
respond to potentially damaging stimuli that result in pain.
Ex: searing heat, extreme cold, excessive pressure, and inflammatory chemicals=all interpreted as painful. these signals stimulate subtypes of thermoreceptors, mechanoreceptors, and chemoreceptors. |
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Term
| What are the three receptor classes according to receptor location or location of activation stimuli? |
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Definition
| Exteroceptors, Interoceptors, and Proprioceptors |
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Term
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Definition
| sensitive to stimuli arising outside the body, so most are near or at the body surface. They include touch, pressure, pain, and temperature receptors in the skin and most receptors of the special senses (vision, hearing, equilibrium, taste, smell). |
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Term
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Definition
| a.k.a. visceroceptors. respond to stimuli within the body, such as from the internal viscera and blood vessels. They monitor a variety of stimuli, including chemical changes, tissue stretch, and temperature. Sometimes their activity causes us to feel pain, discomfort, hunger, or thirst. However, we are usually unaware of their workings. |
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Term
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Definition
| respond to internal stimuli like interoceptors, however, their location is much more restricted. They occur in skeletal muscles, tendons, joints, and ligaments and in connective tissue coverings of bone and muscles. Monitor how much the organs containing these receptors are stretched. |
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Term
| General senses vs. special senses |
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Definition
General: majority of sensory receptors. Modified dendritic endings of sensory neurons. Found throughout body and monitor most general sensory information. Involved in tactile sensation (mix of touch, pressure, stretch, and vibration), temperature monitoring, and pain, as well as the "muscle sense" provided by proprioceptors. Either nonencapsulated(free nerve endings) or encapsulated nerve endings.
Special: (vision, hearing, equilibrium, smell, and taste). Housed in complex sense organs. |
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Term
| Types of nonencapsulated nerve endings |
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Definition
Free nerve endings of sensory neurons
Modified free nerve endings: Tactile (Merkel) discs
Hair follicle receptors |
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Term
| Types of Encapsulated nerve endings |
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Definition
Tactile (Meissner's) corpuscles
Lamellar (Pacinian) corpuscles
Bulbous corpuscles (Ruffini endings)
Muscle spindles
Tendon organs
Joint kinesthetic receptors |
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Term
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Definition
| a type of noncapsulated nerve ending. Lie in deepest layer of epidermis, function as light touch receptors. |
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Term
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Definition
| Type of free nerve ending (nonencapsulated). wrap basket-like around hair follicles, are light touch receptors that detect bending of hairs. The tickle of mosquito landing on your skin is mediated by hair follicle receptors. |
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Term
| Tactile (meissner's)corpuscles |
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Definition
| encapsulated nerve endings. small receptors in which a few spiraling sensory terminals are surrounded by Schwann cells and then by a thin egg-shaped connective tissue capsule. They are found just beneath the epidermis in the dermal papillae and are especially numerous in sensitive and hairless skin areas such as nipples, fingertips, and soles of feet. They are receptors for discriminitive touch, and apparently play the same role in sensing light touch in hairless skin that hair follicle receptors do in hairy skin. |
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Term
| Two divisions of Autonomic Nervous System |
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Definition
| Sympathetic and Parasympathetic |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
Difference between parasympathetic and sympathetic in regards to:
1. Origin of Fibers
2. Length of fibers
3. Location of ganglia |
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Definition
1. Origin of Fibers
A. parasympathetic: craniosacral-originate in brain and sacral spinal cord.
B. sympathetic: thoracacolumbar-originate in thoracic and lumbar regions of spinal cord.
2. Length of fibers
A. parasympathetic: preganglionic=long, postganglionic=short.
B. sympathetic: preganglionic=short, postganglionic=long
3. Location of ganglia
A. parasympathtic: in visceral effector organs
B. sympathetic: close to the spinal cord. |
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Term
| Where does sympathetic come from (according to spinal cord regions). |
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Definition
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Term
| What cranial nerves are associated with (cranial part)parasympathetic division? |
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Definition
| Occulomotor(III), Facial (VII),Glossopharengeal(IX),and Vagus (X) |
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