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CHAPTER 1
The human body: an orientation
59
Anatomy
Undergraduate 1
03/13/2010

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Term
Anatomy
Definition
study of the human body
Term
morphology
Definition
the science of form
Term
physiology
Definition
study of body function
Term
Gross anatomy
Definition
study of body structure that can be examined by the naked eye
Term
dissection
Definition
connective tissue is removed from between the body organs so that the organs can be seen more clearly
Term
regional anatomy
Definition
all structures in a single body region, such as abdomen or head, are examined as a group.
Term
systemic anatomy
Definition
all the organs with related functions are studied together
Term
surface anatomy
Definition
study of shapes and markings on the surface of the body that reveal the underlying organs
Term
microscopic anatomy (histology)
Definition
study of structures that are so small they can be seen only with a microscope
Term
Developmental anatomy
Definition
traces structural changes that occur in body throughout life span and the effects of aging.
Term
embryology
Definition
study of how body structures form and develop before birth
Term
pathological anatomy
Definition
deals with the structural changes in cells, tissues, and organs caused by disease
Term
radiographic anatomy
Definition
study of internal body structures by means of x-ray studies and other imaging techniques
Term
functional morphology
Definition
explores functional properties of body structures and assesses efficiency of design.
Term
chemical level
Definition
ATOMS (tiny building blocks of matter), combine to form small MOLECULES and larger MACROMOLECULES (carbs(sugars), lipids(fats), proteins, nucleic acids)
Term
cellular level
Definition
cells and their functional subunits, cellular organelles
Term
tissue level
Definition
tissue is group of cells that work together to perform common function
Term
organ level
Definition
organ is discrete structure made up of more than one tissue.
Term
organ system
Definition
organs that work closely together to accomplish common purpose
Term
organismal level
Definition
highest level or organzation
Term
liter
Definition
volume slightly larger than a quart
Term
regional terms
Definition
the names of specific body areas
Term
axial region
Definition
so named because it makes up the main axis of the body:HEAD, NECK, TRUNK (thorax-abdomen-pelvis)
Term
appendicular region
Definition
limbs, also called appendages or extremities
Term
superior (cranial)
inferior (caudal)
Definition
toward head; ABOVE
toward lower part of body; BELOW
Term
anterior (ventral)
posterior (dorsal)
Definition
in front of
behind
Term
medial
lateral
Definition
on inner side of
on the outer side of
Term
proximal
distal
Definition
closer to origin of the body part, point of attachment
farther from origin of body or point of attachment
Term
superficial (external)
deep (internal)
Definition
toward or at body surface
more internal
Term
frontal (coronal) plane
Definition
lies vertically: anterior and posterior parts
Term
transverse (horizontal) plane
Definition
runs horizontally left to right;
superior and inferior parts
Term
sagittal planes
Definition
vertical, divide body into right and left parts
Term
median (midsagittal) plane
Definition
lies exactly in the midline
Term
parasagittal
Definition
offset from the midline
Term
dorsal body cavity
Definition
divided into cranial cavity and vertebral cavity
Term
ventral body cavity
Definition
more anterior and larger of the closed body cavities
Term
visceral organs (Viscera)
Definition
organs the ventral body cavity contains (lungs, heart, intestines, kidneys)
Term
thoracic cavity
Definition
one of the two ventral body cavities...surrounded by the ribs and the muscles of the chest wall
Term
abdominopelvic cavity
Definition
one of the two ventral body cavity divisions;
surrounded by the abdominal walls and pelvic girdle
Term
pleural cavity
Definition
in thoracic cavity, surrounds lungs
Term
mediastinum
Definition
thoracic cavity, contains heart.
Term
pericardial cavity
Definition
surrounds heart, in the mediastinum
Term
abdominal cavity
Definition
in addominopelvic cavity;
contains liver, stomach, kidneys, other organs
Term
pelvic cavity
Definition
inferior part of abdominopelvic cavity, contains bladder, some reproductive parts, and rectum
Term
peritoneal cavity
Definition
many organs in the abdominopelvic cavity are surrounded by this.
Term
serous membrane (serosa)
Definition
each of the cavities is slitlike space, lines by this.
Term
pleura -> serous pericardium -> peritoneum
Definition
serous membranes
Term
parietal serosa
Definition
part of a serosa that forms outer wall of cavity
Term
visceral serosa
Definition
continuous with parietal serosa, covers visceral organs
Term
abdominal regions:
Definition
R and L hypochondriac region, R and L lumbar region, R and L iliac (inguinal) region, Epigastric region, Umbilical region, Hypogastric region
Term
microscopy
Definition
examination of small structures w microscope
Term
light microscope (LM)
Definition
illuminates body tissue with beam of light
Term
transmission electron microscope (TEM/EM)
Definition
illuminates body tissue with beam of electrons
Term
ultrastructure
Definition
fine details of cells and tissues, as viewed by EM
Term
acidic stains
Definition
dyes with neg charged molecules
Term
basic stains
Definition
pos charged dyesf
Term
Scanning electron microscopy (SEM)
Definition
provides 3D pictures of whole, unsectioned surfaces with clarity
Term
fluroscope
Definition
sray images are viewed on this florescent screen as they are generated
Term
contrast medium
Definition
fills or coats soft but hollow organs, contains atoms of heavy elements such as barium that absorb more of the passing xrays
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