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Chapter 13
Westward Expansion
106
History
8th Grade
03/20/2015

Additional History Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Define Manifest Destiny
Definition
the idea that God intended for America to have all the western lands to Pacific Ocean
Term
Reasons for Going West
Definition

The Mood of the Day

The Lure of the Land

Desire for Wealth

Adventure and a New Start

Religious Reasons

Term
The Mood of the Day
Definition

People are encouraged to go west

Excitement

Encouragement by President Polk

Term
The Lure of the Land
Definition

Planters felt rich soil near Mississippi River would help their financial situation

Small farmers could buy land out west and wouldn't compete with plantation owners

Many immigrants move west

Term
Desire for Wealth
Definition

Gold "in them thar hills"

Silver

Land Speculation

New businesses

Term
Adventure and a New Start
Definition

Moved west seeking adventure (taming the land, Indians, and new government)

Leaving behind the past

Term
Religious Reasons
Definition

Some went as missionaries

Some Indians looked to Christianity as the power of the white man

Mormons moved West due to persecution

Term
Trailblazers
Definition

Mountain men live in Rockies

Trap furs or buy from Indians

Meet at Green River Flats, Wyoming

Jedediah Smith finds South Pass-known for his Christian testimony

Term
Trails to the West
Definition

Sante Fe Trail

The Oregon Trail

The California Trail

Term
The Santa Fe Trail runs through what states?
Definition
New Mexico, Oklahoma, Kansas with a short cut through Colorado
Term
The Sante Fe Trail
Definition

Mainly trade route not used by settlers as much

Traders traveled together to help prevent Indian attacks

Group members had jobs within the caravan

Wagons squared up at night with animals in the center

Term
How did traders set up their wagons at night when traveling on the trail?
Definition
They squared up at night with animals in the center
Term
The Sante Fe Trail
Definition

Bent brothers founded trading post-Bent's Fort

Bents carried a cannon with them on trailt o discourage Indians

 

Term
Sante Fe had two branches
Definition

Cimarron Cutoff (shorter but dangerous with fewer water sources)

One closer to Arkansas River

Term
What states does Oregon Trail go through?
Definition
Oregon, Mexican Territory, Unorganized Territory
Term
Oregon Trail
Definition

Jedediah Smith rediscovers trail in 1824

Route for settlers and missionaries going west

More northerly route than Sante Fe trail

Time was a factor-bad weather could result

Term
What trail is a branch of Oregon Trail going south and west?
Definition
California Trail
Term
California Trail
Definition

route for gold seekers and settlers

Trail carries people thorugh the Rockies

 

Term
What trail has a portion of trail near the Humboldt River?
Definition
California Trail
Term
What was the progression of town growth?
Definition

Trappers and traders arrive first

farmers arrive next

Settlers arrive as do permanent buildings (church, stores)

Towns grow slowly

Term
Where did the Eastern Indians move?
Definition
Indian Territory (present-day Oklahoma)
Term
Indian Presence
Definition

Western Indians had been left alone until time of western expansion

Settlers were insensitve to Indians' claim to the land

Indian of the Great Plains fought hardest to keep land

Term
How many Spanish settlements were in Texas?
Definition
Three
Term
How did the Southwest fall under Mexican control?
Definition
Mexico gained freedom from Spain and so did Texas
Term
How did Spain try to firm their claim on land?
Definition
They set up missions- system was not effective due to the Indians
Term
American Settlement of Texas
Definition

Mexicans wanted to limit American numbers in Texas

 

Term
Who got a permit to bring 300 families into Texas?
Definition
Moses Austin
Term
What did a family get if they moved to Texas?
Definition
640 acres of land for a low price with six years of no taxes
Term
What did the settlers have to do to remain in Texas?
Definition
Pledge allegiance to Mexico and become Roman Catholic
Term
Why didn't the American settlers in Texas work out?
Definition

Settlers were not absorbed into population as Mexico had hoped

By 1830 Mexico reversed policy and closed border and restricted trade

Term
Who asked for American settled area to become own Mexican state?
Definition
Stephen Austin
Term
What did Stephen Austin do to try and solve the American settlers in  Texas dilemna?
Definition
He asked for the American settled area to become its own Mexican state
Term
What was Mexico's president (Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna) response?
Definition
He sent troops to Texas
Term
When did Mexican troops arrive in Gonzalez?
Definition
Oct 2, 1835
Term
Who gained control of Goliad and San Antonio?
Definition
Texas
Term
After Texans gain control of Goliad and San Antonio what do most Americans feel about the war?
Definition
That the war is over
Term
Who felt that Santa Anna would try invasion?
Definition
Jim Bowie and Sam Houston
Term
What does Houston NOT want to do in the Texas battle for independence?
Definition
He doesn't want to fight at Alamo
Term
Who orders abandonment of Alamo?
Definition
Houston
Term
Who felt differently about abandonment of Alamo?
Definition
Bowie
Term
How many men were prepared to fight at Alamo?
Definition
183
Term
When did the Mexican troop siege occur at Alamo?
Definition
February 23
Term
How many men did Mexican troop have for the Siege on Alamo?
Definition
4,000
Term
On March 3, Travis tells defenders what?
Definition
expect no aid
Term
What was the outcome of the Alamo?
Definition
Americans lose but look for freedom
Term
Where did Americans surrender and how many did Mexicans kill?
Definition
They surrendered near Goliad and Mexicans kill over 300.
Term
Who planned the attack on Santa Anna?
Definition
Sam Houston
Term
What battle resulted in capture of Santa Anna and Mexican army
Definition
Battle of San Jacinto
Term
Before the Battle of Alamo, what did Texans hold a convention and do?
Definition
They issued a declaration of independence
Term
Who was elected as the president of provisional government of independent Texas?
Definition
Sam Houston
Term
Why was Texas denied for their application to be admitted to the Union in 1836?
Definition
They were denied due to threat of war with Mexico
Term
Texas stood alone for nine years know as what?
Definition
Lone Star Republic
Term

How many years did Texas stand alone as "Lone Star Republic"?

 

Definition
nine years
Term
Which president candidate states he will keep Texas out of the union?
Definition
Clay- 1844 election
Term
Who promises, "All of Oregon, All of Texas" in his presidential campaign and wins?
Definition
James K. Polk
Term
Who claimed Oregon?
Definition
US and Britain
Term
What was the big business in Oregon?
Definition
Fur
Term
What are some companies in the Oregon area?
Definition

Hudson Bay Company

American Fur Company

Rocky Mountain Fur Company

Term
Where did company agents meet up with "mountain men"?
Definition
Green River Flats
Term
What information did mountain men provide?
Definition
Info on wilderness area- best routes, rivers and passes
Term
What famous mountain man founded the South Pass?
Definition
Jedediah Smith
Term
Who were the first to arrive in Oregon?
Definition
Methodist missionaries
Term
Why did many Americans move to Oregon?
Definition
They heard of cheap good land in Willamette Valley
Term
Where did the British move?
Definition
Vancouver Island
Term
Who developed the system of Mormon beliefs?
Definition
Joseph Smith
Term
What did Joseph Smith claim?
Definition
An angel visited him & led him to tablets with divine writings
Term
What did Joseph Smith translate the writings into?
Definition
The Book of Mormon
Term
Who was the leader of Mormon that moved followers to Great Salt Lake?
Definition
Brigham Young
Term
Where did the Mormon followers move to from the east?
Definition
Great Salt Lake- (called Salt Lake City), Utah
Term
Who had the original claim to California in 1540
Definition
Spanish
Term
Who did Californians declare their allegiance to when Mexico declared independence?
Definition
They declared allegiance to Mexico
Term
When does California become part of America?
Definition
After Mexican war and Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
Term
What treaty made California part of America?
Definition
Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
Term
Who aquired 50,000 acres from Spanish?
Definition
John Sutter
Term
John Sutter
Definition

Makes a community called Sutter's Fort

Hires James Marshall to build and operate the mill on the banks of the American River

Marshall deepens the channel to drive the mill wheel

Jan 1848- Marshall sees shiny object in water

Term
What set off the Gold Rush?
Definition
a worker tries to pay off a bill using gold and secret gets out
Term
Argonauts were men who search for gold were called what?
Definition
forty-niners (1849)
Term
Gold Rush
Definition

Over 80,000 men came to California

Mining was hard labor

 

Term
What became a problem once gold was found?
Definition
crime
Term
When did California become a state?
Definition
Sept 9, 1850
Term
Why did Mexico stop relations with US?
Definition
Polk became President. He won on campaign to gain "All of  Oregon all of Texas".  This was a threat to Mexico's territory of Texas. They already weren't happy with American presence in Texas
Term
Who does Polk send to Mexico City to purchase California and New Mexico?  How was this person received?
Definition
He sent John Slidell.  He was not received.
Term
Mexican War
Definition

two armies are across from each other at the Rio Grande River

Mexican General crosses over and makes a surprise attack

Mexicans defeated

President Polk asks for declaration of war on Mexico (May 13, 1846)

Term
What river were the two armies situation across from each other for the Mexican War?
Definition
Rio Grande River
Term
Santa Fe
Definition

Kearny headed to California

goes to Santa Fe

take the town without a shot fired

left men to finish the take over of New Mexico and Chihauhua

Term
Who was headed to California and took over Sante Fe, New Mexico without a shot fired?
Definition
Kearny
Term
Who brought 60 soldiers into California and lead group along with settlers in the "Bear Flag Revolution"
Definition
John Charles Fremont
Term
Who is nicknamed "Old Rough and Ready" and why?
Definition

Zachary Taylor- 

He was in charge of army-camp conditions were the best so it helps to prepare men

he wasn't one for formality in uniform or behavior

Term
What town did Taylor capture?
Definition
Monterrey
Term
Taylor- Rough and Ready
Definition

Polk worries about Taylor's popularity

Santa Anna's army captures some outposts and gets in position to take Taylor's army from the rear

Taylor pushed back to Buena Vistas being outnumbered 3 to 1 but still defeats Mexican army

Term
When Polk worries about Taylor's popularity, what does he do?
Definition
Puts some Democrats in as generals
Term
Who was placed in charge of Battle of Vera Cruz?
Definition
Winfield Scott
Term
When did Mexico City surrender in Battle of Veracruz and Mexico City?
Definition
Sept 1847
Term
What were the terms of Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo?
Definition

End fighting

Rio Grande is boundary of Texas

Mexican Cession-California, Nevada, Utal (parts of Wyoming Colorado Arizona, and New Mexico) become part of US

US pays $20 million to Mexico and cancels all debts

Term
What were the results of Mexican War?
Definition

Makes "Manifest Destiny" a reality

Slavery at issue again

Many leaders in Mexican War emerge during Civil War

Land gained is valuable

Term
Gadsden Purchase
Definition

James Gadsden purchased a piece of land for US from Mexico for $10 million (comparative modern cost $269,158,878.50)

Purchase completes teh US

Term
Compromise of 1850
Definition

California admitted as free state

Land gained by Mexican Cession broken into New Mexico & Utah territories- people could decide about slavery (popular sovereignty-right of self-determination, power of decision making rest with people who live there)

Stricter fugitive slave law requires government officials to return runaway slaves

slave trade outlawed in Washington DC

Texas to be paid for land

Term
Who threatened secession on teh compromise of 1850?
Definition
Southern leaders
Term
Who said? "taken in rebellion against the Union, he would hang... with less reluctance than he had hanged deserters and spies in Mexico."
Definition
Zachary Taylor
Term

Compromise 1850-

North gets

Definition

California admitted as free state

Slave trade prohibited in Washington DC

Texas loses boundary dispute with New Mexico

Term
South gets in Compromise 1850
Definition

No slavery restrictions in Utah or New Mexico territories

slaveholding permitted in Washington DC

Texas gets $10 million

Fugitve slave law

Term
Compromise of 1850
Definition

Taylor takes part in ceremonies on July 4 in the heat and takes ill and dies 5 days later

Millard Fillmore takes office

Stephen Douglas gets the compromise through

Fillmore approves

Term
What are Doughfaces?
Definition
Northern Democrats who are more moderate-did not oppose the pro-slavery position
Term
What trail was mostly used for trade route (not used by settlers much?)
Definition
Sante Fe trail
Term
What were Mountain men who lived in the Rockies called?
Definition
Trailblazers
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