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chapter 13
cardiovascular
72
Anatomy
12th Grade
03/24/2011

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Term
cardiovascular
Definition
system inludes the heart and all the blood vessels of the body its function is to bring oxygen to all cells of the body and remove carbon dioxide
Term
pericardium
Definition
encloses the heart
Term
fibrous pericardium
Definition
outer layer dense ct attached to the diaphragm sternum vertebral canal and 2 large vessels of the heart
Term
visceral pericardium
Definition
innermost layer also called (epicardium) actually covers the heart
Term
parietal pericardium
Definition
middle layer
Term
pericardial sac
Definition
formed by the the fibrous and parietal pericardium
Term
pericardial cavity
Definition
space between visceral and parietal layers with small amount of serous fluid to reduce friction between membranes as the heart moves inside them
Term
epicardium
Definition
(visercal pericardium protects heart reduces friction (outermost)
Term
myocardium
Definition
thick middle layer made mostly of cardiac muscle tissue to pump blood out of the heart chambers
Term
endocardium
Definition
innermost layer made of specialized cardiac muscle fibers called purkinje fibers
Term
purkinje fibers
Definition
conduct nerve impluses through the heart
Term
right and left atria
Definition
two upper chambers receive blood returning to the heart
Term
auricles
Definition
earlike projections that cover each atria
Term
right and left ventricles
Definition
two lower chambers recieve blood from the atria contract and force blood out of the heart into the arteries
Term
septum
Definition
a solid wall seperating the right atrium and ventricle from the left atrium and ventricle therefore blood on the right never mixes with blood on the left
Term
tricuspid valve
Definition
b/t the right atrium and right ventricle prevents backflow of blood that is moving in the right ventricle back into the right atrium it contains chordae tendinae
Term
chordae tendineae
Definition
strong fibrous strings that prevent the tricuspid valve from swinging back into the atrium controlled by the papillary muscle
Term
pulmonary valve
Definition
allows blood to leave the right ventricle and prevents backflow into the ventricular chamber as it exits the pulmonary truck (just a big artery)
Term
bicuspid valve
Definition
(mitral valve) prevents backflow of blood back into the left atrium from the left ventricle contains the chordinae tendineae
Term
aorta/aortic valve
Definition
aorta is the large artery exiting the left ventricle at the base of the aorta is the aortic valve which prevents backflow of blood (body)
Term
atrioventricular valves
Definition
bicuspid and tricuspid valves (av valves)
Term
semilunar valves
Definition
pulmonary and aortic valves (sl valves)
Term
superior and inferior vena cavas
Definition
largest vein brings blood to right atrium
Term
arteries
Definition
vessels that carry blood away from the heart under high pressure
Term
arterioles
Definition
thinner tubes taht arise from the arteries
Term
tunica interna
Definition
innermost layer of endothelium that provides a smooth surface to prevent blood clotting secretes biochemicals
Term
tunica interna
Definition
it keeps platlets from sticking and secrete substances that dilate/ constrict blood vessels
Term
tunica media
Definition
middle layer that makes up the bulk of the artery wall
Term
tunica externa
Definition
thin outer layer that attaches the artery to the surroundign tissue
Term
vasomotor fibers
Definition
branches of the nervous system that invade smooth mucle of an artery/arteriole wall
Term
capillaries
Definition
the smallest diameter blood vessel that connects arterioles to venules they are extensions of the arterioles they form a semipermeable layer (thin slits) where substances are exchanged b/t blood and tissue fluid surrounding cells
Term
exchanged in the caps
Definition
oxygen dropped off carbon dioxide picked up nutrients
Term
vasoconstriction
Definition
when the vasomotor fibers stimulate the smooth muscle to contract which reduces the diameter of the vessel
Term
vasodilation
Definition
when the impulses to the vasomotor fibers is inhibited the smooth muscle relaxes and the diameter of the vessel increases
Term
precapillary sphincters
Definition
smooth muscle that enericles capillary entrances which regulate blood distribution into the capillary it closes by contracting and opens by relaxing they open and close according to the needs of the cells they supply
Term
aorta
Definition
highest pressure point
Term
vena cava
Definition
lowest pressure point
Term
pulmonary circuit
Definition
the vessels that carry blood from the heart to the lungs and back to the heart (pulmonary truck and back to the left atrium)
Term
systemic circuit
Definition
vessels that carry blood from the heart to all parts of the body and back again (aorta and back to the right atrium)
Term
coronary ateries
Definition
supply to the heart tissues
Term
coronary veins
Definition
bring deoxygenated blood to the heart into the coronary sinus and right atrium
Term
flow
Definition
Term
1. aortic valve
Definition
Term
2.aortic sinus
Definition
Term
3. coronary arteries
Definition
Term
4. aterioles
Definition
Term
5. capillaries
Definition
Term
6. venules
Definition
Term
7. coronary veins
Definition
Term
8. coronary sinus
Definition
Term
9. right atrium
Definition
Term
9. right atrium
Definition
Term
cardiac cycle
Definition
the series of events that make a complete heartbeat
Term
steps of cardiac cycle
Definition

1st sound - atria filling with blood relaxing, avs closed at the same time.

ventricles blood leaving contracted sls are open

2nd sound- atria blood leaves contraction avs are open

at the same time ventricles filling with blood relaxed sls are closed

Term
first sound
Definition
av valves close/ventricles cotnract
Term
second sound
Definition
sl valves are closed/ventricles relaxed
Term
cardiac conduction system
Definition
specialized cardiac muscle tissues that send impulses throughout the myocardium and coordinate the events of the cardiac cycle
Term
sinoatrial node (s-a node)
Definition
specialized cardiac mucle tissue beneath the epicardium at the top of the right atrium that stimulate cardiac muscle fibers to contract
Term
pacemaker
Definition
sa node the sa node stimulates one impules after another and forms a rhythmatic pattern of contractions about 70 to 80 times per minute inĀ  an adult
Term
atrioventricular node
Definition
specialized cardiac muscle tissue at the bottom right atrium near the septum it provides the conduction pathway b/t the sa node to the av node
Term
purkinjie fibers
Definition
group of specialized muscle fibers found in the walls of the ventricles that conduct impuleses from the av bundle into the ventricle walls
Term
blood pressure
Definition
the force blood exerts against the inner walls of the blood vessels
Term
systolic pressure
Definition
contraction
Term
diatolic pressure
Definition
relaxation
Term
atrial systole
Definition
atrial contraction
Term
atrial diastole
Definition
atrial relaxation
Term
ventricular systole
Definition
contract, blood pusched through the semilunar valves increases pressure in teh associated arteries
Term
venticular diastole
Definition
relax. as aterial pressure drops
Term
blood pressure reading
Definition

brachiolic artery, average readig s/d

120/80

Term
pulse
Definition
the sure of blood from a ventricular contraction distends the arterial wall and when the contraction end sthe wall recoils in an artery that runs close to the surface of the skiln is the pulse
Term
average pulse
Definition
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