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Chapter 13
The Peripheral Nervous System and Reflex Activity
59
Anatomy
Undergraduate 1
11/08/2008

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Term
Epineurium
Definition
tough fibrous sheath enclosing fascicles. Contains all parts of a nerve fiber
Term
Perineurium
Definition
Coarser connective tissue wrapping groups of endoneurium bound fibers in a fascicles
Term
Endoneurium
Definition
Surrounds each axon. Loose connective tissue that encloses the axon and myelin sheath
Term
Cranial Nerve XII
Definition
Hypoglossal, has a motor function, no sensory function, does not contain parasympathetic fibers
Term
Cranial Nerve XI
Definition
Accessory, has a motor function, no sensory function, does not contain parasympathetic fibers
Term
Cranial Nerve X
Definition
Vagus, Has a motor function, has a sensory function(taste) and contains parasympathetic fibers
Term
Cranial Nerve IX
Definition
Glosspharyngeal, has motor function, sensory function (taste), and contains parasympathetic fibers
Term
Cranial Nerve VIII
Definition
Vestibulocochlear, hos some motor function, sensory function(balance and hearing), no parasympathetic fibers
Term
Cranial Nerve VII
Definition
Facial, has a motor function, sensory function(taste) and has parasympathetic fibers
Term
Cranial Nerve VI
Definition
Abducens, has a motor function, no sensory function, does not contain parasympathetic fibers
Term
Cranial Nerve V
Definition
Trigeminal, has motor function, sensory function(general sensation), does not contain parasympathetic fibers
Term
Cranial Nerve IV
Definition
Trochlear, has a motor function, no sensory function, does not contain parasympathetic fibers
Term
Cranial Nerve III
Definition
Occulomotor, has a motor function, no sensory function or parasympathetic fibers
Term
Crainal Nerve II
Definition
Optic, no motor function, has a sensory function(vision), does not contain parasympathetic fibers
Term
Cranial Nerve I
Definition
Olfactory, no motor function, has a sensory function(smell), no parasympathetic fibers
Term
Sensory Receptors
Definition
Dendritic end organs or parts of other cell types, specilized to repond to stimulus. Cliassified by type of stimulus they detect, body location and structural complexity.
Term
Olfactory Nerve Location
Definition
Frontal Lobe to center cerebral hemisphere and terminates in primary olfactory cortex.
Term
Olfactory Nerve Function
Definition
Purely sensory' carry afferent impulses for smell
Term
Optic Nerve Location
Definition
Enter thalamus and synapses there. Thalamic fibers run to occipital cortex, where visual interpretation occurs.
Term
Optic Nerve Function
Definition
Purely sensory; carries afferent impulses for vision
Term
Occulomotor Nerve Location
Definition
Ventral mid-brain
Term
Occulomotor Nerve Function
Definition
Chiefly motor nerves, contain a few propriorecptors afferents
Term
Somatic Nerve Fibers
Definition
Part of the Occulomotor Nerve. Run to 4 of the extrinsic eye muscles that help direct the eyeball and to levitator palpebrae superioris muscle, which raises upper eyelid
Term
Parasympathetic Motor Fiber
Definition
Part of the occulomotor nerve. Run to sphencter pupillae, which causes pupil to constrict and to ciliary muscle controlling lense shape for visual focusing. Some parasympathetic cell bodies are in the ciliary ganglia.
Term
Sensory Afferents
Definition
Part of the Occulomotor nerve. Run from the same 4 extrinsic eye muscles to the mid-brain.
Term
Extrinsic Eye Muscles
Definition
Medial rectus muscle, superior rectus muscle, levator palpebrae muscle, inferior oblique muscle, inferior rectus muscle.
Term
Trochlear Nerve Location
Definition
Dorsal Mid-brain
Term
Trigeminal Nerves Location
Definition
Largest of cranial nerves; fibers extend from pons to face
Term
Trochlear Nerve Function
Definition
Primarily motor nerves; supply somatic fibers to and carry proprioceptors from the superior oblique muscle
Term
Ophthalmic Division
Definition
Function of Trigeminal Nerve: Converys sensory impulses from skin of anterior scalp, upper eyelid, nose and nasal cavity mucosa, cornea and lacrimal gland
Term
Maxillary Division
Definition
Function of Trigeminal Nerve: Conveys sensory impulse from nasal cavity mucosa, palate, upper teeth, skin of cheek, upper lip and lower eye lid.
Term
Mandibular Division
Definition
Function of Trigeminal Nerve: Convey sensory impulses from anterior tongue, lower teeth, skin of chin, temporal region of scalp; supplies motor fibers to and carries proprioceptors fibers from muscles of mastication
Term
Abducens Nerve Location
Definition
Inferior pons
Term
Abducens Nerve Function
Definition
Somatic motor fibers to lateral rectus muscles. Conveys propriceptor impulses from the same muscle to the brain
Term
Facial Nerve Location
Definition
Issues form pons, just lateral to abducens nerves
Term
Facial Nerve Function
Definition
Mixed nerves that are the chief motor nerves of faces; has 5 major branches
Term
Major Branches of Facial Nerve
Definition
Temporal, Zygomatic, Buccal, Mandibular, and Cervical
Term
Vestibulocochlear Nerve Location
Definition
Brain stem @ pons-medulla border and from hearing receptor in cochlea
Term
Vestibulocochlear Nerve Function
Definition
Vestibular branch transmitts afferent impulses for sense of equilibrium, sense of hearing, and sensory cell bodies located in spinal ganglion within cochlea
Term
Glossopharyngeal Nerve Location
Definition
Medulla
Term
Glossopharyngeal Nerve Function
Definition
Mixed nerves to the innervate part of tongue, provides somatic muscle fibers to and proprioceptors fibers from a superior pharyngeal muscle. Provides parasympathetic motor fibers to parotid salivary glands located in otic ganglion. Conducts taste and general sensory impulses from pharynx and posterior tongue. Regulates respiratory rate and depth. Monitors blood pressure. Sensory neuron cell bodies located in superior ganglia.
Term
Vagus Nerve Location
Definition
Only cranial nerves to extend beyond head and neck region. Emerge from medulla
Term
Vagus Nerve Function
Definition
Mixed nerves; Most are motor nerve fibers, some parasympathetic Supply head and lungs; involved in regulation of heart rate, breathing and digestive system activity. Taste buds of posterior tongue and pharynx. Carry proprioceptor fibers from muscles of larynx and pharynx.
Term
Accessory Nerve Location
Definition
Lateral Aspect of Medulla
Term
Accessory Nerve Function
Definition
Supplies motor neuron fibers to laryn, pharynx and soft palates. Spinal root supplies motor fibers to trapezius and sternocleidomastoid muscle, moving head, neck and conveys proprioceptor impulses from same muscles.
Term
Hypoglossal Nerve Location
Definition
A series of root from medulla
Term
Hypoglossal Nerve Function
Definition
Carries somatic motor fibers to intrinsic and extrinsic muscles of tongue and proprioceptor fibers fro, the same muscles to brain stem. Allows for food manipulation and mixing by tongue and some movements that contribute to swallowing and speech.
Term
Cervical Plexus
Definition
Branches C1-C5.
Term
Brachial Plexus
Definition
C1-C8
Term
Lumbar Plexus
Definition
L1-L4
Term
Sacral Plexus
Definition
L4-S4
Term
Components of Reflex: Receptor
Definition
Site of Stimulus Action
Term
Components of Reflex: Sensory Neuron
Definition
Transmits Afferent Impulses to the CNS
Term
Components of Reflex: Integration Center
Definition
may be a single synapse or chain of multiple synapses. Always within the cns.
Term
Components of Reflex: Effector
Definition
Muscle fiber or gland cell that responds to the efferent impulses
Term
Reflex
Definition
Autonomic, subconscious response to stimuli within or outside the body. Help to maintain homeostasis by controlling many involuntary processes such as heart rate, breathing rate and blood pressure.
Term
Somatic Reflex
Definition
activates skeletal muscle
Term
Autonomic reflex
Definition
activates visceral effectors
Term
Spinal Reflex
Definition
Mediated by spinal cord. Occur without direct involvement of high brain centers
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