Shared Flashcard Set

Details

Chapter 12 (Amsco)
Territorial and Economic Expansion, 1830-1860 (COMPLETED)
42
History
11th Grade
01/15/2012

Additional History Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
manifest destiny
Definition
expressed the popular belief that the US had a divine mission to extend its power and civilization across the breadth of North America
Term
Texas
Definition
  • US  interest in pushing its border to Texas and westward into Oregon territory(caused by American pioneers
  • 1823 gains its national independence from Spain, Mexico hoped to attract settlers
Term
Stephen Austin
Definition
succeded in bringing 300 families into Texas and thereby beginning a steady migration of Americans into the vast fronteir territory
Term
Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna
Definition
  • General and dictator of Mexico tried to enforce mexicos new laws of no slavery and Roman catholisism as the religion 
  • Sam Houston revolted and declared Texas to be an idependent republic
  • Anna captured town of Goliad  and attacked the Alamo in San Antonio killin every American defender
  • He was caught by surprise by Sam Houston captured and forced to sign of Texas and make it indepentdent
Term
Sam Houston
Definition
Leader of rebellion in Texas against mexican gvt
Term
Alamo
Definition
All american defenders were killed by Santa Anna
Term
John Tyler
Definition
  • Presiden (1841-1845) southern Whig wh worried about growing ifluence of British in Texas
  • Worked to annex Texas US senate rejected his treaty of annexation in 1844
Term
Aroostook War
Definition
  • Main Canada boundry ill defined
  • a conflct between rival groups of lumbermen on th eMaine-Canadian border
  • Resolved by Daniel Webster amd British ambassodor Lord Alexander Ashburton
Term
Webster-Ashburton Treaty (1842)
Definition
  • disputed territory was split between Maine and British Canada
  • Also settled Minnesota territory left the iron-rich Mesabi range on US side of Border
Term
Oregon territory
Definition
  • vast territory on the Pacific Coast that originally stretched as far north as the  Alskan border
  • Claimed by Britain and Russia and US
  • Spain gave up its claim in Adams-Onis treaty
  • most beleived it manifest destiny to take undisputed possession of all Oregon and to annex the Republic of Texas as welll
Term
"Fifty-four Forty or Fight!"
Definition
the bellicose statement that said fight to make the oregon territory boundry 54 40 or the latitude at which marked the border between the Oregon territory and Russion Alaska
Term
James K. Polk
Definition
  • Dark horse President
  • Beleived in annexation of Texas, the reoccupationo fall of Oregon and the acquisition of California
  • Protege of Andrew Jackson and democratic nominee
Term
Rio Grande; Nueces River
Definition
  • Mexico insisted the southern border of Texas was on  the Nueces River
  • Polk sent troops over the Nueces acting like the Rio Grande was the official border MExican troops ttacked and killed 11
  • Polk saw this as justification to start war
Term
Mexican War (1846-1847)
Definition
  • war started b/c of border dispute between Mexico and US
  • Mostly fought on Mexican territory
  • California also gained its independence
  • Mexico City invaded by Winfeild Scott
  • Disasterous for Mexico
Term
Zachary Taylor
Definition
General that drove Mexican Army from Texas and won major victory at Buena Vista
Term
Stephen Kearny
Definition

general that succeded in taking Santa Fe, Ne wMexico territory and southern California

 

Term
Winfield Scott
Definition
General that was ordered by Polk to invade Central Mexico  took  coastal city of Vera Cruz and Mexico City in 1847
Term
John C. Fremont
Definition

Succesfullly overthrew Mexican govt in California

Bear flag Republic- independent california

Term
California; Bear Flag Republic
Definition
Gained independence form Mexico with the help of Fremont
Term
Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo (1848)
Definition

Negotiated by American dimplomat Nicholas Trist And brought end to Mexican War

  1. Mexico recognized the Rio Grand as the southern border of Texas
  2. The US would take possession of former Mexican provinces of California and New Mexico- the Mexican Cession, The Us would pay 15 million and assume the claims of Ameican citizens against Mexico
Term
Mexican Cession
Definition
US got former mexican provinces of California and NEw Mexico
Term
Wilmont Proviso
Definition
  • Penn. Congress men David Wilmont proposed that an appripiations bull  be amended to forbid slvery in any of the new territories acquired form mexico
  • Passed the house twice but was defeated in the senate
Term
Franklin Pierce
Definition
president after polk 1852
Term
Ostend Manifesto (1852)
Definition
  • Polk offered to buy Cuba form spain for 100 mil.and spain refused
  • Pierce sent 3 diplomates to Ostend Belgium to buy Cuba form spain the Ostend Maifsto was leaked and caused anger among antslavery members of congress
Term
Walker Expedition
Definition
  • William Waler and expansionist seeked new empires with or without the federal govs supprt
  • Unseccesfully tried to take Baja california fom Mexico
  • He took over Nicaragua in 1855 however his regim came to an end when a coalition of Central American countries invaded and defeated him
  • Executed by Honduran authorities in 1860
Term
Clayton-Bulwer Treaty (1850)
Definition
  • Provided that neithe rBritian r US would attemr ro take exclusive ctrl of any future canal route in central america 
  • countinued until 1901
Term
Gadsden Purchase (1853)
Definition
  • strip of Land southwest for a railroad
  • Mexico agreed to sell thousands of acres of semidesert land to US for 10 million
  • present dat New Mexico and Arizona
Term
Great American Desert
Definition
  • arid area between Mississsippi Valley and the Pacific Coast
  • Emigrants had to pass over it to reach more inviting lads on the west coast
Term
mountain men
Definition
  • fur traders who were th earliest nonnative group to open the Far West
  • Held yearly rendezvous in Rockies with Native Americans to trade for animal skins
  • Jebediah smith one of the mountain men who provied much of the early info  about trails and fronteir conditions
Term
Far West
Definition
California and Oregon
Term
overland trails
Definition
hazardous journey west to california or oregon
Term
mining frontier
Definition
  • discovey of gold set off migrations to the mineral-rich mountains of the west
  • Brought tens of thouseand of men into western mountains
  • Mining camps and towns sprang up -many short lived
  • Californias pop. soared from 14,000 on  1848 to 380,000 by 1860
Term
gold rush; silver rush
Definition
  • In the west and attracted tens of thousands of men to west
  • Colorado, Nevada, Black hills of Dakota and California- just gold
Term
farming frontier
Definition
  • most pioneer families moved west to start homesteads and begin farming
  • mostly a middle class movement b/c familt needed 200-300 dollars to make overland trip
Term
urban frontier
Definition
western cities that arose as a result of railroads  mineral wealth and farming attracte dprofessionals and bussinesspersons  san francisco and denver are examples of instant cities created by the gold and silver rushes
Term
industrial technology
Definition
  • new factories produced shoes,sewing machines, ready-to-wwear clothing, firearms 
  • Insudtrialization spread rapidly after 1840 unlike b4 which was concentrated on textile mills of New England
Term
Elias Howe
Definition
  • invented the sweing machine
  • took much of the production of clothing out of the home into the factory
Term
Samuel F.B. Morse
Definition
  • invented electric telegraph
  • went hand in hand with the growth of the railroads in enormously speeding up communication and transportation across the country
Term
railroads; federal land grants
Definition
  • railroads emerge as Americas largest industry
  • Local and state govts helped the railroads grow by grnating special loans and tax breaks
  • US govt granted 2.6 million acres of federal land to build the Illinois Central raiload from lake michigan to the gulf of mexico, the first such federal land grant
  • promoted western agriculture farmers in illinois and iowa were now more closely linked to the notheast
Term
foreign commerce; exports and imports
Definition

groth of manufactured goods as well as agricltural products caused a significant growth of exports

  • shipping firms have schedual now
  • demandfor whale oil to light homes caused a whaling boom from 1830 to 1860
  • impromvments to designs of shops cut trip to california gold feilods
  • Steamships took place of clipper ships
  • opened trade to Japan (by fear)
Term
Matthew C. Perry; Japan
Definition
  • US sent commodore [erry to japan to persuade that country to open up its ports to trade with Americans
  • Convinced japan's gvt to agee to a treaty that opened two hapanese ports to US trading vessels
Term
Panic of 1857
Definition
  • midcentury economic boom ended in 1857 with a financial panis
  • serious drop in prices esp for midewestern farmer
  • increased unemplooyment in in northern cities
  • cotton remained high gave south idea plantation economy was superior and continued union with northern eonomy was not needed
Supporting users have an ad free experience!