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Chapter 1
(ch.1) The Human Body: An Orientation
74
Anatomy
Undergraduate 2
09/01/2013

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Cards

Term
Principle of Complementary
Definition
Function always reflects structure
Term
frontal
Definition
forehead
Term
orbital
Definition
eye
Term
occipital
Definition
back of head
Term
buccal
Definition
cheek
Term
orbital
Definition
eye
Term
mental
Definition
chin
Term
axillary
Definition
armpit
Term
pelvic
Definition
upper area between pelvic bones
Term
inguinal
Definition
lower area between pelvic bones
Term
dorsum/dorsal
Definition
back
Term
scapular
Definition
shoulder blades
Term
vertebral
Definition
middle of back
Term
lumbar
Definition
lower back, lateral to vertebral region
Term
sacral
Definition
below vertebral region
Term
perineal
Definition
between anus and genitals
Term
acromial
Definition
shoulder
Term
olecranal
Definition
back of elbow
Term
antecubital
Definition
front of elbow
Term
coxal
Definition
hip
Term
patellar
Definition
front of knee
Term
popliteal
Definition
back of knee
Term
crural
Definition
leg, b/t knee and ankle
Term
sural
Definition
calf of leg
Term
fibular/peroneal
Definition
lateral side of leg
Term
transverse
Definition
divides body into superior and inferior
Term
sagittal/medial
Definition
divides body into left and right.
Term
frontal/coronal
Definition
divides body into anterior and posterior
Term
cranial and vertebral
Definition
what 2 subdivisions does the dorsal body cavity entail?
Term
thoracic and abdominopelvic
Definition
what two subdivisions does the ventral body cavity entail?
Term
serosa
Definition
double layered, moist membrane
Term
serous fluid
Definition
thin layer of lubricating fluid located b/t parietal and visceral serosa (secreted by both membranes) prevents friction
Term
parietal serosa
Definition
lines body cavity wall. Lays on inside of cavity
Term
parietal pleura
Definition
thoracic cavity
Term
parietal pericardium
Definition
pericardial cavity
Term
parietal peritoneum
Definition
abdominopelvic cavity
Term
visceral serosa
Definition
covers organs in the body cavity
Term
visceral pleura
Definition
covers lungs
Term
visceral pericardium
Definition
covers heart
Term
visceral peritoneum
Definition
covers abdominopelvic organs
Term
integumentary system
Definition
external body covering that protects deeper tissue; synthesizes Vit. D and houses sweat glands and oil.
(ex. hair, skin, nails)
Term
skeletal
Definition
protects and supports body organ. provides framework for movement. blood cells formed w/in bones. store minerals.
(ex: bones, joints)
Term
muscular
Definition
maintains posture, produces heat. allows locomotion and facial expression.
(ex: skeletal, smooth, cardiac)
Term
nervous
Definition
responds to internal and external changes by activating appropriate muscles and glands. control system of body
(ex: brain, spinal cord, nerves)
Term
endocrine
Definition
glands secrete hormones regulating growth, reproduction, and nutrient use (metabolism) by blood cells
(ex: pancreas, thyroid)
Term
lymphatic/immune
Definition
picks up fluid leaked from blood vessels and returns to blood. houses white blood cells. mounds attack against foreign substances in body
(ex: thymus, spleen red bone marrow)
Term
respiratory
Definition
keeps blood constantly supplied with oxygen. gaseous exchange in lungs
(ex: pharynx, larynx, trachea)
Term
urinary
Definition
eliminates waste from body. regulates water, electrolyte, and acid-base balance of blood
(ex: kidney, ureter, bladder)
Term
receptor
Definition
sensor that responds to stimuli
Term
control center
Definition
integration center. receptor sends info to control center via AFFERENT pathways
Term
effector
Definition
means of response. control center sends info to effector via EFFERENTpathways
Term
positive feedback system
Definition
system in which response of the effector increases the intensity of the initial stimulus; variable continues farther from homeostatic value. causes range to completely change
Term
negative feedback system
Definition
system in which response of the effector shuts off or decreases the intensity of the initial stimulus; brings variable back to homeostatic value. *prevents sudden, severe, life-threatening changes in the body
Term
gross or macroscopic anatomy
Definition
study of large body structures visible to the naked eye
Term
regional anatomy
Definition
study of all structures in particular region of the body
Term
systemic anatomy
Definition
study of body structure system by system
Term
surface anatomy
Definition
study of internal structures as they relate to overlying skin surface
Term
microscopic anatomy
Definition
study of structures too small to be seen by eye
Term
developmental anatomy
Definition
study that traces structural changes that occur in body throughout life span
Term
renal
Definition
physiology concerned with kidney function and urine production
Term
neurophysiology
Definition
workings of the nervous system
Term
cardiovascular physiology
Definition
operation of heart and blood vessels
Term
regional terms
Definition
refer to specific areas of the body
axial vs. appendicular
Term
body planes
Definition
body can be sectioned or cut along a flat surface for study
Term
dorsal body cavity
Definition
protects nervous system (skull and vertabrae)
Term
ventral body cavity
Definition
houses internal organs (viscera)
Term
cranial cavity
Definition
houses the brain
Term
vertebral cavity
Definition
houses the spinal cord
Term
thoracic cavity
Definition
above the diaphragm
Term
pericardial cavity
Definition
contains the heart, surrounds remaining organs
Term
abdominopelvic cavity
Definition
below diaphragm
Term
abdominal cavity
Definition
digestive viscera (organs)
Term
pelvic cavity
Definition
(inside pelvic bones) contains bladder, reproductive viscera, rectum
Term
dynamic state of equilibrium
Definition
conditions vary within relatively narrow limits
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