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| the process by which individuals and political parties nominate and elect public officials and formulate public policy. |
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| a public institution with authority to allocate values and implementing public policies. |
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| is a product political activity and government action designed to meet a public need or goal as determined by a legislative body or other authorized officials. |
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| involves political action intended to meet particular needs or achieve specific objectives. |
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| attitudes, habits, and general behavior patterns that develop over time affect the political life of a state or region. It is the result of both remote and recen political experiences. |
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| What are the three distinct political cultures identified by Daniel Elazar? |
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1. Moralistic
2. Individualistic
3. Traditionalistic |
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originated in New England with Puritanism. Within this culture, people view government as a public service, meaning it's role if to improve living conditions and to create a just society. It influences people to view political participation as their duty and to expect that government will be used to advance the public good.
- Found in the northern state and to the Pacific Northwest. |
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emerged out of westward expansion throughout the 19th century. People view government as an adversary, meaning that they want to limit its size and scope. Individualistic culture does not consider government a vehicle for creating a just society and believes government intervention into public life should be limited.
- Found in the Midwestern and Western states. |
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developed out of the Old South and is rooted in feudal-like notions of society and government. Governmental policymaking falls to a few elite citizens and policies are designed to preserve the social order.
- Found in the South. |
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| the inability to influence the nomination and election of candidates and the decision making of governing bodies. In Texas, this has been a major problem for minorities and low-income groups. |
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The political culture of Texas is strongly individualistic in that government is supposed to maintain a stable society but intervene as little as possible.
1. Texas has a limited government with restricted powers.
2. Texas has a climate favorable to business. |
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| a type of boss rule that has dominated areas of South Texas. |
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| an area identified by unique geographic features. |
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| What are the four physical regions of the state? |
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1. Gulf Coastal Plains
2. Interior Lowlands
3. Great Plains
4. Basin and Range Province |
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| stretching from the Louisiana border to the Rio Grande, Texas's Gulf Coastal Plains area is an extension of the Gulf Coastal Plains of the US. |
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this region covers the North Central Plains of Texas extending from the Dallas-Fort Worth Metroplex westward to the Abilene area and northward to the Wichita Falls area.
- Farming and ranching are important activities. |
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A large area in West Texas extending from Oklahoma to Mexico, the Great Plains is an extension of the Great High Plains of the US.
- Large scale production of cotton and grain sorghum. |
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| an arid region in West Texas that includes the Davis Mountains, Big Bend National Park, and El Paso. |
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| How does geography influence a region? |
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| Geography greatly influences the economic pursuits of a region's inhabitants, which in turn shape political interests and attitudes. Geography has encouraged rapid population growth, urbanization, and industrialization. |
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| What are the three land-based industries influence Texas? |
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| located near Beaumont, this oil field sparked a boom in 1901 that made Texas a leading petroleum producer. |
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| Railroad Commission of Texas |
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| a popularly elected, three-member commission primarily engaged in regulating natural gas and petroleum production |
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| is composed of separate units of local government, which includes counties, cities, and special districts. A metropolitan area is a core area containing a large population nucleus together with adjacent communities economically and socially integrated with that core. |
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| Micropolitan statistical area |
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| an area that has at least one urban cluster with a population of at least 10,000 but less than 50,000. |
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| Metropolitan statistical area |
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| a freestanding urban area with a min. total population of 50,000. |
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| Combined statistical area |
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| a geographic entity consisting of two or more adjacent corebased statistical areas. |
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| county or group of counties within a core based statistical area that contains a core with a population of at least 2.5 million. |
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| What is the fastest growing economic sectors in Texas? |
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The service sectors.
1. Health-care providers
2. Personal services
3. Commercial services |
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| an assembly plant that uses cheap labor and is located on the Mexican side of the US-Mexican border. |
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| the Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986 |
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| this federal statue was designed to restrain the flow of illegal immigrants into the US by penalizing employers who knowingly hire undocumented aliens and by appropriating funds to provide more enforcement personnel. |
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| the Immigration Control and Financial Responsibility of 1996 |
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| increased the number of border patrol officers, the law increased penalties for immigrant smuggling and sped up the deportation of illegal immigrants who used false documents or committed other crimes while the US. |
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| the Enhanced Border Security and Visa Entry Reform Act of 202 |
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| the act concerns the tracking of international students who are studying at US educational institutions, the issuance of visas, and other details regarding foreign nationals. |
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| authorized more than 700 additional miles of fencing along the US-Mexico border from CA to TX to combat illegal immigration. |
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| What two political cultures make up Texas? |
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| Traditionalistic and individualistic |
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| What are the four most populous counties in Texas? |
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| Harris, Dalas, Bexar, and Tarrant. |
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| What are the largest private corporations in Texas? |
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