Term
| In the 1800s, which two political parties emerged? |
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Definition
John Adam: Federalist
Thomas Jefferson: Democratic Republican |
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| John Adam: Federalist Ideology |
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| He waged a defensive struggle for strong centralized government and public order. |
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| the presented themselves as "the guardians of agrarian purity, liberty, and state's rights. |
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Federalist
Alien and Sedition Act |
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Definition
| Four laws passed by the U.S. Congress in 1798, in anticipation of war with France. The acts, precipitated by the XYZ Affair, restricted aliens and curtailed press criticism of the government. Aimed at French and Irish immigrants (who were mostly pro-France), they increased the waiting period for naturalization and authorized expulsion of aliens considered dangerous. The Alien and Sedition Acts were opposed by Thomas Jefferson and others and helped propel Jefferson to the presidency. They were repealed or had expired by 1802. |
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| Hamiltonian Federalist Party |
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Definition
| It was poor due to the glorious war with France, split openly with President Adam. |
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| The prep for the war had swelled the public debt and required disagreeable new taxes, including the stamp tax. |
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| IRONICALLY! John Adam was known as... |
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| "The Father of the American Navy" |
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Term
| Jefferson's "whispering campaign" |
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Definition
| He was accused of having robbed a widow, and his children of trust fund and of having fathered numerous mulatto children by his own slave women. |
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Term
| Jefferson: Liberal in Religion |
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Definition
He separated Church and State in Virginia.
Federalist were afraid of election. |
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by a majority of 73 electoral college votes to 65.
Aaron Burr helped him get votes in NYS. |
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| 3 out every 5 slaves is 1 vote. People called him "N-word President" "slave power" |
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Definition
| The shift in government from Federalist to Anti-Federalist was peaceful. |
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| Goodbye to Federalist Party |
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| John Adam - the last Federalist to even rule the US. |
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Term
| Jefferson's Presidency Goal |
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Definition
To restore Republican
To check the growth of government power
To halt delay of virtue that had set in under the Federalist rule. |
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Term
| When was Jefferson inaugurated? |
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Definition
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Term
| What did Jef do to the Alien and Sedition Act |
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Definition
| Jefferson quickly pardoned the prisoners of the Sedition Acts. |
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| The Naturalization Law of 1802 reduced the requirement of 14 years of residence to the previous 5 years. |
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| Albert Gallatin- Secretary of Treasury to Jefferson; believed that a national debt wasn't a blessing; he reduced the national debt with a strict economy. |
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| passed by the expiring Federalist Congress; created 16 new federal judge ships and other judicial offices. The new Republican-Democratic Congress quickly repealed the act and kicked out the 16 newly seated judges. One Federalist judge, Chief Justice John Marshall, was not removed. He served under presidents including Jefferson and others for 34 years. He shaped the American legal tradition more than any other person. |
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Term
| Marbury vs. Madison (1803) |
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Definition
| James Madison, the new secretary of state, had cut judge Marbury's salary; Marbury sued James Madison for his pay. The court ruled that Marbury had the right to his pay but, the court did not have the authority to force Madison to give Marbury his pay. Most importantly, this decision showed that the Supreme Court had the final authority in determining the meaning of the Constitution. |
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| supreme court justice of whom the Democratic-Republican Congress tried to remove in retaliation of the John Marshall's decision regarding Marbury; was not removed due to a lack of votes in the Senate. |
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Jefferson preferred to make the military smaller.
Jefferson was forced to bend his thoughts of not using military force when the leader of Tripoli informally declared war on the United States. Jefferson sent the new navy to Tripoli and after 4 years of fighting, a deal was reached. The U.S. paid Tripoli $60,000 for the release of captured Americans. |
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Napoleon Bonaparte convinced the king of Spain to give Louisiana land area to France in 1800.
Not wanting to fight Napoleon and France in western America, Jefferson sent James Monroe to join Robert Livingston in Paris in 1803 to buy as much land as he could for $10 million. |
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| Napoleon decided to sell all of Louisiana and abandon his dream of a New World Empire for 2 reasons: |
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Definition
He failed in his efforts to re-conquer the island of Santo Domingo, for which Louisiana was to serve as a source of foodstuffs.
Because Britain controlled the seas, Napoleon didn't want Britain to take over Louisiana. So he wanted the money from the Americans. He also hoped the new land for America would help to thwart the ambitions of the British king in the New World. |
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Term
| Robert Livingston along with James Monroe did... |
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Definition
| negotiated in Paris for the Louisiana land area; signed a treaty on April 30, 1803 ceding Louisiana to the United States for $15 million. The Americans had signed 3 treaties and gotten much land to the west of the Mississippi. 820,000 square miles at 3 cents/acre. |
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| Jefferson sent his personal secretary, Meriwether Lewis, and William Clark to explore the northern part of the Louisiana Purchase. |
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