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Chapter 11
Terms
33
Anatomy
Undergraduate 2
12/01/2010

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Term
Hyperpolarization
Definition
an increase in membrane potential
away from zero that reduces the
probability of producing a nerve
impulse
Term
Peripheral
Definition
paired spinal and crainial nerves
that carry messages to and from the
CNS
Term
Sympathetic
Definition
division of ANS that mobilizes body
systems during activity
Term
Leakage
Definition
nongated membrane ion channels
that are always open
Term
White Matter
Definition
dense collections of myelinated
fibers
Term
Node of Ranvier
Definition
gaps between adjacent schwann
cells where axon collaterals can
emerge
Term
Afferant
Definition
sensory division that conveys
sensation information to CNS
Term
RMP
Definition
potential difference across the
membrane of a resting cell
generated by the differences in ionic
makeup of the ICF and ECF
Term
Somatic
Definition
division of PNS that is voluntary
conscious control of skeletal muscle
Term
Spatial
Definition
type of integration summation where
a postsynaptic neuron is stimulated
by a large number of terminals at
the same time
Term
Depolarization
Definition
a reduction in membrane potential
toward zero that increases the
probability of a nerve impulse
Term
Graded
Definition
membrane potential that represents
short-distance incoming signals
Term
Schwann
Definition
cells that suround peripheral nerve
fibers and form the myelin sheaths
Term
Synaptotagmin
Definition
protein that binds Ca2+ and
promotes the fusion of synaptic
vesicles with an axon membrane
Term
Efferent
Definition
transmits inpulses from CNS to
organs
Term
Integration
Definition
interpretation of sensory input
Term
Parasympathetic
Definition
division of ANS that promotes
housekeeping function during rest
Term
EPSP
Definition
excitatory postsynaptic potenetial
Term
Catecholamines
Definition
chemical class of nerotransmitters
that includes dopamine,
epinephrine, and norepinephrine
Term
Axodendritic
Definition
synapse between the axon from one
neuron and the dendrite of another
Term
Voltage Gate
Definition
membrane ion channel that opens
and closes in response to changes
in membrane potential
Term
Gray Matter
Definition
mostly neuron cell bodies and
unmyelinated fibers
Term
Sensory Input
Definition
information gathered by sensory
receptors about external and
internal changes
Term
Mchanically Gated
Definition
membrane ion channels that open
and close in response to physical
deformation of receptors
Term
Autonomic
Definition
involuntary division of PNS that
regulates involuntary muscle
contractions such as cardiac and
gland functions
Term
Ligand Gated
Definition
chemically mediated channel that
opens with the binding of a specific
neurotransmitter chemical
Term
Exocytosis
Definition
type of active transport that
describes the presynaptic release of
neurotransmitters
Term
G-protein Linked
Definition
type of indirect neruotransmiitter
action that results in secondary
message such as cAMP
Term
Synaptic Cleft
Definition
fluid filled space separating the
presynaptic and postsynaptic
neurons that prevents nerve
inpulses from directly passing from
one neuron to the next
Term
Temoral
Definition
type of integration summation where
one or more presynaptic neruons
transmit impulses in rapid fire order
Term
Motor Output
Definition
activation of effector organs and
produces a response
Term
Synapse
Definition
a juction that mediates information
transfer from one neuron to another
neuron or to an effector cell
Term
All or None
Definition
phenomenon that describes how an
action potential happens either
completely or not at all
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