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Chapter 11
Blood
45
Anatomy
Undergraduate 1
11/08/2010

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Term
Blood Plasma
Definition
Blood, minus it's cells.
Term
Composition of blood plasma
Definition
water containing many dissolved substances (food, salts and hormones)
Term
Amount of blood
Definition
Varies with size and sex. 4 to 6 Liters about average, 7-9% of body weight.
Term
Red blood cell structure
Definition
disk-shaped without a nucleus
Term
Red blood cell function
Definition
transports oxygen and carbon dioxide
Term
Anemia
Definition
the inability of blood to carry adequate oxygen to tissues
Term
Two causes of anemia
Definition
1-inadequate red blood cell levels
2-deficiency of hemoglobin
Term
Pernicious anemia
Definition
deficiency of vitamin B12
Term
Polycythemia
Definition
abnormally high red blood cell count
Term
Hematocrit test
Definition
medical test in which a centrifuge is used to separate whole blood into formed elements and liquid fraction
Term
Buffy coat
Definition
white blood cell and platelet fraction
Term
Normal red blood cell level
Definition
about 45%
Term
What can cause an erroneous test result with a hematocrit test?
Definition
Dehydration
Term
Types of formed elements
Definition
Red blood cells
White blood cells
Term
Red blood cells
Definition
erythrocytes
Term
White blood cells
Definition
leukocytes
Term
Types of leukocytes
Definition
granular and nongranular
Term
types of granular leukocytes
Definition
neutrophils, eosinophils and basophils
Term
types of nongranular leukocytes
Definition
lymphocytes and monocytes
Term
Red blood cell count
Definition
4-5 million per mm of blood
Term
White blood cell count
Definition
5,000-10,000 per mm of blood
Term
Platelet count
Definition
300,000 per mm of blood
Term
Blood formation
Definition
red bone marrow (myeloid tissue) forms all blood cells except some lymphocytes and monocytes, which are formed by lymphatic tissue in the lymph nodes, thymus and spleen.
Term
General function of white blood cells
Definition
Defense
Term
What is revealed in an differential white blood cell count?
Definition
proportions of each type of white blood cell
Term
Leukopenia
Definition
abnormally low white blood cell count
Term
leukocytosis
Definition
abnormally high white blood cell count
Term
What carries out phagocytosis?
Definition
neutrophils and monocytes
Term
What do lymphocytes produce?
Definition
antibodies (B-lymphocytes) or directly attack foreign cells (T-lymphocytes)
Term
What do easinophils do?
Definition
protect against parasitic irritants that cause allergies
Term
What do biophils produce?
Definition
Heparin, which inhibits clotting
Term
Blood clot formation step one
Definition
clotting factors released at the injury site produce prothrombin activator
Term
Blood clot formation step two
Definition
prothrombin activator and calcium convert prothrombin to thrombin
Term
Blood clot formation step three
Definition
thrombin triggers formation of fibrin, which traps red blood cells to form a clot.
Term
Antigen
Definition
substance that can activate the immune system
Term
Antibody
Definition
substance made by the body in response to stimulation by an antigen
Term
Type A blood
Definition
Type a self-antigens in red blood cells; anti type B antibodies in plasma
Term
Type B blood
Definition
type B self-antigens in red blood cells; anti type A antibodies in plasma
Term
Type AB blood
Definition
type A and type B self-antigens in red blood cells; no anti type A or type B antibodies in plasma
Term
Type O blood
Definition
no type A or B self antigens in red blood cells; both anti type A and type B antibodies in plasma
Term
Rh positive blood
Definition
Rh factor antigen present in red blood cells
Term
Rh negative blood
Definition
no Rh factor present in red blood cells; no anti-Rh antibodies present naturally in plasma; anti Rh antibodies, however, appear in the plasma of Rh negative persons if Rh positive red blood cells have been introduced into their bodies.
Term
Universal donor blood
Definition
Type O
Term
Universal recipient blood
Definition
Type AB+
Term
Erythroblastosis fetalis
Definition
may occur when Rh negative mother carries a second Rh positive fetus; caused by mothers antibodies reacting with babies Rh positive cells.
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