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Chapter 11
Progressive Era
22
History
Not Applicable
11/19/2005

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Term
Progressive Era
Definition
1890 to 1920. Sought to improve the lives of the industrial poor.
Term
muckrakers
Definition
Journalists who alerted the public to wrongdoing in politics and business. Theodore Roosevelt made up this term after the word that means clean manure (poop) and hay out of horse stables.
Term
injunctions
Definition
Court orders that prohibit a certain activity. Example: Court order that would prevent workers from going on strike to fight for better working conditions.
Term
social welfare programs
Definition
Government programs to help ensure a minimum standard of living. Examples are unemployment benefits, social security system.
Term
municipal (level of government)
Definition
The city level of government as opposed to the state or federal level of government.
Term
home rule
Definition
A system that gives cities a limited degree of self-rule. It allows cities to escape domination by state government controlled by political machines or businesses or rural interests.
Term
direct primary
Definition
Voters select their party's candidate for upcoming elections. Before the Progressive Era, party leaders chose the candidates.
Term
initiative
Definition
A process in which voters can put a proposed new law directly on a ballot in the next election by collecting voter's signatures on a petition. Before the Progressive Era, only members of the state legislature could introduce a bill.
Term
referendum
Definition
A process that allows citizens to approve or reject a law passed by the legislature. Before the Progressive Era, only legislators could pass laws.
Term
recall
Definition
A procedure that permits voters to remove public officials from office before the next election. Before the Progressive Era, only courts or the legislature could remove corrupt officials.
Term
Extra Word--
Progressive Era Political Reforms
Definition
1. Direct primaries
2. 17th Amendment (elect Senators by populr vote)
3. Initiatives
4. Referendum
5. Recall
Term
holding company
Definition
A firm that buys up stock and bonds of smaller companies. They do this to create a monopoly (one big company who sells the product).
Term
conservationists
Definition
People who favor the protection of natural resources. Taft's Secretary of the Interior Richard Ballinger was not a conservationist and it angered conservationists.
Term
New Nationalism
Definition
Theodore Roosevelt's plan that called for business regultion, welfare laws, workplace protection for women and children, income and inheritance taxes, and voting reform.
Term
Bull Moose Party
Definition
The nickname of the Progressive Party. Referred to Roosevelt's comment " I feel fit as a bull moose."
Term
Clayton Antitrust Act
Definition
Law that spelled out specific activities business could not do, such as preventing companies from price cutting in local markets to squeeze out competitors OR preventing holding companies used to create monopolies.
Term
Federal Trade Commission
Definition
Wilson created this commission. Had the power to order firms to cease and desist from unfair business practices.
Term
Federal Reserve System
Definition
Wilson's way of changing the banking system. It divided the country into 12 districts each with a federal reserve bank. Helped prevent bank failures and created new national currency called federal reserve notes.
Term
Extra word--
Farm Loan Noard
Definition
Wilson reform. Farmers could borrow money from a system of loan banks at rates less than other commercial banks.
Term
civil disobediance
Definition
A nonviolent refusal to obey the law in an effort to change it. Used a lot by women in their effort to gain the right to vote.
Term
National American Women's Suffrage Association
Definition
Formed by Susan B. Anthony, Elzabeth Cady Stanton, Lucy Stone to seek the right to vote for women. They suggested reforms, talked to politicians, and investigated social conditions.
Term
Congressional Union
Definition
Formed by Alice Paul. This group called for an aggressive. militant campaign for the 19th Constitutional Amendment. Set afire a lifesize dummy on President Wilson. Their strategy was opposed by the National American Women's Suffrage Association.
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