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Definition
| Conducts nerve impulses from receptors in peripheral body parts into the CNS. Mostly multi-polar, some bipolar |
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Definition
| inhibitory postsynaptic potential. A graded potential in a postsynaptic neuron that inhibits action, usually hyper-polarizing |
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Definition
| propagation of action potential along myelinated fiber is from internode to node |
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Definition
| Generally inhibitory, CNS |
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Definition
| Generally inhibitory, CNS |
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Definition
| Propagates nerve impulses from initial segment to axon terminals |
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Definition
| Generally Inhibitory, CNS |
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Definition
| Star-shaped cells with many processes. Participates in the metabolism of neurotransmitters and maintaining potassium balance. Provides a link between neurons and blood vessles. |
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Definition
| Excitatory postynaptic potentials, depolarizing graded potential in a postsynaptic neuron. |
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Definition
| transmits nerve impulses between neurons within the brain and spinal cord. Multipolar |
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Definition
| Excitatory or inhibitory depending on receptor type. Increases heart rate during stress. PNS(ganglion neurons) CNS(brain-stem) |
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Definition
| Affects sleep, mood, attention and learning process. Excitatory or inhibitory depending on receptor site. CNS and PNS |
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Definition
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Term
| Acetlycholine @ skeletal muscles |
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Definition
| Excitatory, CNS located between motor neuron and muscular cell |
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Term
| Acetylcholine @ visceral effectors |
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Definition
| excitatory or inhibitory PNS. Located between neuron and muscular cell |
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Definition
| possible neurotransmitter found in cerebral cortex and small intestine |
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Term
| Tachykinins: Substance A & Neurokinin A |
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
| Inhibitory CNS Alcohol is the most commonly used depressant drug, and it increases the inhibitory effect of GABA |
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Term
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Definition
| Excitatory of Inhibitory depending on receptor type, CNS and PNS |
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Definition
| Excitatory, indirect action via secondary messengers brain and some neuro-muscular and glandular synapses |
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Term
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Definition
| indirection action via secondary messengers. CNS |
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Definition
| Generally Excitatory, CNS |
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Term
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Definition
| Fluid space @ a synapse. Separates pre and post synaptic axons |
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Term
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Definition
| Time required for an impulse to cross a synapse between two neurons |
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Definition
| Cell body with many nerve fibers one of which is an axon. Most common in body, and CNS |
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Term
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Definition
| Cell body with a nerve fiber arising from each end. Located in specialized sensory organs(parts of eyes, nose, mouth and ears) Very rare |
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Definition
| Assists in circulation of CSF in these areas. Acts as a barrier separating cavity and tissue |
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Definition
| Conducts nerve impulses from receptors in peripheral body parts into the CNS. Most unipolar, some bipolar |
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Term
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Definition
| integrates EPSP and IPSP. Initiates nerve impulse |
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Definition
| Mobilizes body systems during activity. Flight, fight, or fright response |
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Definition
| Conserves Energy, promotes house keeping functions during rest, non-emergency |
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Definition
| Triggers neurotransmitter release by exocytosis of synaptic vesicles |
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Definition
| Conducts nerve impulses from the brain or spinal cord out to effectors(muscles or glands) Multi-polar |
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Term
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Definition
| Receive stimuli, produce excitatory and inhibitory post-synaptic potentials |
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Term
| Sensory/Afferent Division |
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Definition
| Somatic and visceral sensory nerve fibers. Conducts impulses from receptors to the CNS |
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Term
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Definition
| Motor nerve fibers, conducts impulses from the CNS to effectors(muscles and glands) |
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Term
| Peripheral Nervous System |
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Definition
| Cranial nerves and spinal nerves. Communication lines between the CNS and the rest of the body |
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Term
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Definition
| Consists of brain and spinal cord. Contains integrative and control centers |
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Definition
| Somatic Motor (voluntary) conducts impulses from the CNS to skeletal muscles |
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Definition
| Visceral Motor(involuntary) conducts impulses from the CNS to cardiac muscles, smooth muscles and glands. Cannot be controlled. |
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Term
| Synapse: Neurotransmitter is Released |
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Definition
| 2. Synaptic vesicles fuse with the presynaptic membrane and neurotransmitter is relased into the synapse Ca 2+ is removed my the mitochondria or by a Ca 2+ pump. |
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Term
| Synapse: Calcium channels open into the pre-synaptic axon terminal |
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Definition
| 1. Arrival of the depolarization wave opens voltage-gates calcium channels and allows Ca2+ influx into the axon terminal |
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Term
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Definition
| Small membranous sacs containing neurotransmitters. Released fro pre-synaptic Axon |
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Term
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Definition
| A nerve impulse is conducted in an all or none response manner, whenever a stimulus of threshold of intensity is applied to a fiber |
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Term
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Definition
| Small cells w/ few processes, functions as macrophages in the CNS |
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Definition
| Most common glial cells in the CNS. Smaller than astrocytes w/ few processes. Round body gives support to neurons in CNS, procudes myelin sheaths across axons or neurons in CNS. Wraps myelin sheaths around several axons |
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Term
| Schwann Cell (Neurolemmocytes) |
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Definition
| Flattened cells arranged around axis in PNS. Produces myelin sheaths around axons of PNS neurons. Participates in repair process after injury. Produces nerve growth factor |
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Term
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Definition
| flattened calles arranged around the cell bodies of neurons in ganglia. Supports neurons in ganglia of PNS |
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Term
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Definition
| Receives Stimuli and produces EPSPs IPSPs |
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Term
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Definition
| The outside face is positive while the inside face is negative. Extracellular ion is Na+, intracellular ion is K+ |
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Term
| Propagation of Action Potential |
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Definition
| Membrane potential is pushed toward threshold voltage. Na+ permeability is significantly increased |
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Term
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Definition
| K+ permeability continues, excessive K+ causes an undershoot. Na+ channels reset, opening the inactivation gate and closing activation gates returning to resting state |
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Term
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Definition
| Decrease in Na+ permeability, Na+ channels blocked K+ channels opened, K+ permeability increases. Internal negativity of resting neuron restored |
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Term
| Synapse: Termination of Neurotransmitter Effects |
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Definition
5. Neurotransmitter quickly destroyed by:
degradation of enzymes, re-uptake by astrocytes or pre-synaptic terminals, and diffusion away from the synapse |
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Term
| Depolarization and Generation of Action Potential |
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Definition
| voltage gated sodium channels open. Sodium ions diffuses rapidly into the cell and resting potential is decreased, through positive feedback cycle. K+ channels are closed |
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Term
| Synapse: Ion Channels Open in the Post-synaptic Membrane |
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Definition
| 4. Binding of neutrotransmitter open ion channels in the post-synaptic membrane resulting in graded potentials in that membrane. Chemically gated ion channels are opened leading to depolarization. |
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Term
| Synapse: Neurotransmitter binds to post synaptic membrane |
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Definition
| 3. Neurotransmitter diffues across the synaptic cleft and attaches to receptors on the post-synaptic cleft. Is reversible, and binds to specific receptors. |
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