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| Democratic president of the US 1828-1836, wanted limited federal power, Trail of Tears |
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| invented steam-powered boat |
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| Jackson's secretary of state, became president for one term in 1836 |
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| leading minister of Second Great Awakening, lawyer turned minister who targeted business class |
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| published An Appeal to the Coloured Citizens of the World in 1829 that condemned racism and threatened racial violence if whites didn't change |
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| founder and editor of The Liberator in Boston, uncompromising young writer who advocated immediate abolition |
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| one of first internal improvements financed by new government, made New York City center of commerce because it linked NYC to Lake Erie |
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| centralized all aspects of cloth production, targeted young women as employees |
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| turning bank notes in for cold cash |
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| Second Bank of the United States |
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| renewed first charter in 1816, blamed for panic of 1819 because it failed to exercise control over the banks (specie payments and notes) |
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| economic downturn when Bank of US called in loans and insisted state banks also do so, caused constriction of money flow (web of credit and debt relationships) |
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| over powerful Bank of US between Whigs and Jackson, backfired on conniving Whigs when Jackson's veto of its renewal didn't make him unpopular |
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| favored federal government and commercial development (Federalists, National Republicans) |
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| favored individualism and will of majority (Antifederalists, Republicans, Democratic Republicans) |
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| Indian Removal Act of 1830 |
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| Jackson passed to "save Indians from extinction" |
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| Illinois tribes that proved resistant to removal, militias came out and pushed them back ending in death of Black Hawk and massacre of his people, 1832 |
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| Florida, mixture of Indians and escaped black slaves took up arms against relocation, 1836-1837 |
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| Georgian Cherokee tribe appealed to Supreme Court with help of priests, S.C. ruled on Indians' side but Jackson ignored it |
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| forced removal of Georgian Cherokees in 1838, resulted in death of quarter |
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| high import taxes , contained stuff that pleased and angered everyone |
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| South Carolina nullified Tariff of Abominations, technically a state right but only when things are unconstitutional |
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| Jackson allowed military enforcement of tariff, SC then proceeded to nullify this after taking back nullification of Tariff of Abominations |
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| re-invigoration of Protestantism, doubled church membership, 1820s and 30s |
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| referring to gender roles in families with men's work now mainly out of the home (upper and middle whites) |
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| organized opposition to drinking, both men and women activists |
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| American Colonization Society |
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| founded in the North in 1817, advocated individual gradual emancipation followed by African colonization |
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| written by William Lloyd Garrison, took antislavery agitation to new heights with advocation of immediate abolition |
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| proslavery southerners fought to implement it; not let petitions for abolition be entered into public record |
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| blamed on Jackson's anti-bank sentimentality |
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| independent system that would deal only in hard money, not make loans, and force commercial banks to regulate issuance of paper money, founded by Van Buren in 1839 |
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