Missouri Compromise (1820)

1. Missouri enters Union as Slave State

2. Maine enters Free State

3. Louisiana Purchase divided at 36' 30"; new states made north of the line would be free; new states made south of line would be slave

Attempt to keep balance in Senate between free and slave states. It postponed, did not solve slavery problems.

when the public is allowed to vote to tell the government how to act.

Idea used by Stephen Douglas to determine whether or not slavery would be allowed in new states. Residents of territory vote to decide if they want slavery or not.

Abraham Lincoln is elected President. Victory of Republican, abolitionist President leads to first wave of secession.

Election was sectional - different candidates in North and South. Lincoln won without getting any votes in South

John Brown leads a group to take weapons from Army in Harpers Ferry Virginia. Brown wanted to start a slave revolt.

North treats Brown like a hero (martyr). Makes South afraid of North and sees North as supporting violence and slave revolts.

A law passed by Stephen Douglas that said popular sovereignty would be used in the Kansas and Nebraska territories to determine whether or not there would be slavery in these areas.

Went against the Missouri Compromise and led to Bleeding Kansas.

First battle between iron clad ships - introduced modern naval warfare.

Battle ends in a draw (tie); but allows Union to keep blockade of the south

Was a statement that the United States should buy Cuba from Spain to create additional slave territory. If Spain said no, US should go to war and take it from Spain.

Caused Northerners to distrust the actions of Southern politicians

President James Polk's slogan stating the US was willing to go to war with Britain over control of the Oregon Territory. An example of westward expansion and Manifest Destiny.

War is avoided by US and Britain agreeing to a border between US and Canada

A battle during the Texas Revolution from Mexico where the Mexicans slaughtered an outnumbered group of Texans.

It serves as a rallying cry for Texans (then Americans) to keep fighting regardless of odds against them.

Series of debates between Lincoln and Douglas to win the Senate seat for Illinois. Lincoln argued for abolition of slavery; Douglas argued for popular sovereignty. Douglas argued Freeport Doctrine that said free states could refuse to pass laws to protect slavery.

Establishes Lincoln as national candidate for President

Ends Douglas' influence in the South and his chance to be President

Governement of the Southern states in the Civil War.

Also known as Confederate States of America; CSA; Rebels; South

Turning point of the Civil War. South loses and will never go on the offensive again.

Southern loss means that England and France refuse to support the South.

Lincoln gives Gettysburg Address following it

"Fourscore and seven years ago...."

Speech given by Lincoln at the opening of a cemetary following the Battle of Gettysburg.

Lincoln says Civil War is being fought to decide if a democratic form of government can survive anywhere in the world.

In response to California's request to be admitted as a free state; Compromise of 1850 was made to avoid conflict between North and South.

1. California would be admitted as Free State

2. Fugitive Slave Law would be passed to force northern law enforcement to catch and return runaway slaves

3. The slave trade was ended in Washington DC

4. Popular Sovereignty would be used to decide issue of slavery in the territories.

Law that required law enforcement officials in the North to capture and return run away slaves to the South.

Made North angry because they would have to help send people into slavery. There was a financial bonus for sending blacks into slavery.

Land that Mexico was forced to give to the US following the Mexican-American War.

Land included California, Nevada, Arizona, Utah and New Mexico.

is the pro-slavery government established in Kansas during Bleeding Kansas

was not recognized by abolitionists because the vote to ratify it was corrupt

Union General Sherman marched his army through Georgia and the Carolinas destroying railroads and civilian homes/businesses and farms in an effort to force the South into submission.

Is an example of Total War - war that civilian AND military targets are attacked

were slave owning states that stayed with the Union in the Civil War

Missouri, Kentucky, Maryland and Delaware

Lincoln did not free slaves in fear the border states would join the Confederacy

a "civil war" within Kansas between pro-slavery and abolitionists who were trying to win the vote over whether Kansas would be a free or a slave state.

Vote is example of popular sovereignty established in Kansas-Nebraska Act

John Brown was considered a radical, violent abolitionist fighter during Bleeding Kansas

When people and leaders of different regions of the nation were only concerned about their own region (or section) not national interests.

Major sections were North, South and West

Conflict over slavery was a sectional issue

A philosophy developed in the United States that believed that people must understand themselves before understanding larger issues. Believed in an inner guiding light to truth. Believed in civil disobedience and passive resistance

Henry David Throreau and Ralph Waldo Emerson are examples of transcendentalists

Gold discovered in Sutters Mill California near San Francisco in 1848. Led to a rush of settlers in 1849 (49ers) to move to California in search of easy wealth.

Sped process of California becoming a state - led to Compromise of 1850

Lee's attempt to invade the North at Sharpsburg Maryland. His plans were discovered by the North and it resulted in the bloodiest battle of the war.

Lincoln used the "victory" as a reason to issue the Emancipation Proclamation

To increase number of soldiers, Union began to draft (force people to fight) people into the war. It allowed for someone to buy their way out of the war. This meant rich people didn't have to fight, but poor did.

Riots broke out in NYC to protest the draft and refuse to fight to free the blacks.

Meeting in New York to argue for women's rights, especially the right to vote (suffrage)/

Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Susan B Anthony, Lucretia Mott all were leaders at the convention

Lincoln's statement freeing the slaves in rebelling states.

It was passed to encourage southern states to stop fighting.

It makes ending slavery a purpose of the war.

Lincoln doesn't free all slaves because he doesn't want border states to secede.

Dred Scott, a slave, was taken to live in a free territory. He sued saying since he lived in a free territory, he was free.

Justice Taney of Supreme Court ruled that blacks are not citizens therefore cannot sue.

Taney also said Missouri Compromise was unconstitutional because it denied Southerners their property without due process.

Belief that it was God's will that America expand from the Atlantic to the Pacific Ocean.

Fed into desire to annex Texas; take Oregon from Britain, take the Mexican Cession as well as plans to buy Cuba

a proposed law that would have banned slavery in any territory taken from Mexico in the Mexican American War.

made southerners angry because it showed that the north was trying to take land away from slaveowners

To leave from a country

Southern states believed they had the right to separate from the United States and create their own country