Adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH)  

(208)

Hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary that stimulates the adrenal cortex to produce cortisol.

anterior

pituitary (208)

Master gland that produces 7 different hormones; most of which travel to other glands & stimulates them to produce other hormones.

antidiuretic hormone

(ADH)

(208)

Hormone produced by the hypothalamus and released by the posterior pituitary that enhances water conservation by the kidneys; sometimes called vasopressin.

cyclic amp (205)

derivative of ATP that responds to messages entering a cell & triggers the cells response; active in cells reacting to a peptide (protein) hormone entering a cell.

endocrine gland (205)

structure that secretes substances directly into the bloodstream or body fluids; the substances may have effects on cells that have proper receptors.

gonadotrophic hormone (208)

Hormones that regulate the activity of the ovaries & testes; principally FSH (follicle-stimulating hormone) and LH (luteinizing hormone).

Growth Hormone

(GH)

Released by the anterior lobe of the pituitary; this substance promotes the increase in size of most tissues/cells.

Hormone

Any substance secreted by the endocrine system that is secreted into the blood or body fluids.

hypothalamic inhibiting hormone (HIH)

One of many hormones produced by the hypothalamus that inhibits the secretion of an anterior pituitary hormone.

hypothalamic releasing hormone

One of many hormones released by the hypothalamus that stimulates the secretion of an anterior pituitary hormone.

hypothalamus

Region of the brain; floor of the 3rd ventricle that helps to maintain homeostasis.

posterior pituitary

Also called the neurohypophysis; portion of the pituitary connected to the hypothalamus by a stalk called the infundibulum.  Stores antidiuretic hormone(ADH) and oxytocin.

prolactin (prl)

Hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary that stimulates milk production in the mammary glands; a.k.a. lactogenic hormone.

thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)

Hormone that causes the thyroid gland to produce thyroxine.

aldosterone

Hormone secreted by the adrenal cortex that functions in regulating sodium (Na²⁺) and potassium (K⁺) excretion by the kidneys.

atrial natriuretic hormone (ANH)

Substance secreted by the atria of the heart that accelerates Na⁺ excretion by the kidneys so that blood volume decreases.  A.K.A. "atriopeptide."

calcitonin (212)

Hormone produced by the thyroid gland that helps to regulate (lower) blood calcium levels.

corticotropin (213)

Also known as adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH); secreted by the anterior pituitary, ACTH stimulates the adrenal cortex to produce cortisol.

cortisol (214)

Glucocorticoid secreted by the adrenal cortex; helps to raise blood glucose levels by breaking down muscle proteins into amino acids & promoting the breakdown of fatty acids. 

epinephrine (213)

Hormone produced by the adrenal medulla that stimulates "flight or fight" responses; aka adrenalin.

glucocorticoid(214)

Any one of a group of hormones secreted by the adrenal cortex that influences metabolism of carbohydrates, fats, & proteins.

leptin (221)

Hormone produced by adipose tissue that acts on the hypothalamus to signal satiety. 

mineralcorticoids (214)

Any hormone produced by the adrenal cortex that helps to regulate salt and water balance.  For example, aldosterone is one of these.

norepinephrine (213)

• Hormone & neurotransmitter produced by the adrenal medulla that stimulates "flight or fight" responses. 
• raises the heart rate, which causes glucose to be released as energy and blood to flow to the muscles.

parathyroid gland(212)

One of four small endocrine glands embedded in the posterior portion of the thyroid gland.

parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Hormone secreted by the parathyroid gland that raises blood calcium levels by stimulating the reabsorption of bone.

renin (214)

Secretion from the kidney that activates angiotensinogen to angiotensin I; along with A.D.H. and aldosterone this hormone acts to increase blood pressure.

thyroid gland (211)

Endocrine gland located just below the larynx and in front of the trachea that secretes thyroid hormones.

Thyroxine (211)

Also called T₄(tetraiodothryronine), this hormone is produced in the thyroid gland and increases the metabolic rate.

anabolic steroid (219)

Synthetic lipid hormone that mimics the effect of testosterone.

androgen (219)

Male sex hormones (testosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone, & androstenedione) produced by the testes, adrenal cortices, & ovaries.

circadian rhythms (219)

Patterns of repeated behavior associated with the cycles of night & day.

estrogen (219)

Female sex hormone that, along with progesterone, promotes the development & maturation of the 1⁰ & 2⁰ female sex characteristics.

gonad (219)

Organ that produces sex cells or gametes: the ovary which produces eggs and the testes which produce sperm.

growth factor (221)

Chemical signal that regulates mitosis and differentiation of cells that have receptors for it; important in such processes as fetal development, tissue maintenance and repair, and hematopoiesis; somtimes a contributing factor in cancer.

insulin (216)

Hormone produced by the pancreas that regulates glucose storage in the liver and glucose uptake by cells.

melatonin (219)

Hormone secreted by the pineal gland, that is involved in biorhythms.

pancreas (216)

Endocrine organ located near the stomach that secretes digestive enzymes into the duodenum and produces hormones , notably insulin.

pancreatic islets (of Langerhans) (216)

Distinctive groups of cells that secrete insulin & glucagon.

pineal gland (219)

Small endocrine gland, located in the 3^rd ventricle of the brain, that secretes melatonin and is involved in biorhythms.

progesterone

(219)

Female sex hormone secreted by the ovaries that, along with estrogen, promotes the development & maintenance of the 1⁰ and 2⁰ female sex characteristics.

prostaglandins

(221)

Hormones that have various and powerful effects, often within the cells that produce them.

testis (219)

Male gonad; the organ that produces sperm and testosterone.

testosterone

(219) 

The most potent of the male sex hormones, the androgens.

thymosins

(219)

Hormones secreted by the thymus that aid in the maturation of T-lymphocytes.

thymus gland

(219)

Lobular gland that lies in the neck and chest area and is necessary for the development of immunity & maturation of T-lymphocytes.