Shared Flashcard Set

Details

Chapter 10: Muscular System
Axial Musculature
37
Anatomy
Undergraduate 1
10/16/2011

Additional Anatomy Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Spinal segment
Definition
has to do with spinal nerve
Term
vertebral segment
Definition
osseous segment or vertebrae
Term
What is the function of the axial musculature?
Definition
  • positions the head, vertebral column and moves the ribcage, which assists in breathing
Term
What percent of skeletal muscles are axial muscles?
Definition
60%
Term
Appendicular musculature
Definition
stabilizes or moves components of the appendicular skeleton
Term
Cranial nerves
Definition
exit directly out the skull
Term
What four groups make up the axial musculature?
Definition
  1. muscles of he head and kneck
  2. flexors and extensors
  3. oblique and rectus muscles
  4. muscles of the pelvic floor
Term
What are the subdivided muscle groups of the Head and Neck?
Definition
  • muscles of facial expression
  • extra-occular muscles
  • muscles of mastification
  • muscles of tongue
  • muscles of the pharynx
  • anterior muscles of the neck
Term
Muscles of facial expression
Definition
at insertions, the collagen fibers of the epimysium are woven into those of the superficial fascia and the dermis of the skin; when the contract the skin moves
Term
What are two other names for the extra-occular muscles?
Definition
  • extrinsic eye muscles
  • oculomotor
Term
What are the 4 rectus muscles that move the eyes?
Definition
  • inferior rectus
  • medial rectus
  • superior rectus
  • lateral rectus
Term
What are the 2 oblique muscles that move the eye laterally and opposite their name?
Definition
  1. inferior oblique
    1. lateral and down
  2. superior oblique 
    1. lateral and up

 

Term
TMJ Syndrome
Definition
  • lock jaw; clicking or locking
  • articulation between temporal bone and mandible
Term
What are some cause of TMJ?
Definition
  • Bruxism- "gnashing of teeth"
  • Mal-alignment of occlusal surfaces
  • excessive gum chewing or nail biting
Term
Extrinsic tongue muscles
Definition
move the tongue in delicate and complex patterns necessary for speech and manipulation of food
Term
Intrinsic Tongue Muscles
Definition
  • located entirely within tongue
  • assist in activities of the extrinsic tongue muscles
Term
Hypoglossal nerve
Definition
innervates muscles of the tongue
Term
paired pharangyeal muscles
Definition
  • important in the initiation of swallowing
  • innervated by glossopharyngeal and vagus cranial nerves
Term
What do the anterior muscles of the neck do?
Definition
  • control the position of the larynx
  • depress the mandible
  • tense the floor of the mouth
  • provide a stable foundation for muscles of the tongue and pharynx
Term
What are the three distinct muscular layers of the back?
Definition
  • superficial, intermediate, and deep
Term
Superficial muscles of vertebral column
Definition
move the neck
Term
intermediate layer of back muscles
Definition
extends the vertebral column
Term
deepest layer/intrinsic muscles of the vertebral column
Definition
interconnect the vertebrae
Term
What two back muscles are exceptions to the fact that superficial back muscles move the neck?
Definition
  • trapezius
  • latissimus dorsi
Term
Dorsalgia Lumbago
Definition

lower back pain

  • can be acute, chronic
  • sprains and strains of the ligaments/muscles in the back
Term
What do oblique muscles do?
Definition
ROTATE
Term
What do rectus muscles do?
Definition
FLEX
Term
Scalene Muscles
Definition
oblique and rectus muscles of the cervical region
Term
Intercostal and Transversus Muscles
Definition
  • oblique and rectus muscles of the thoracic region
  • aid in respiration
Term
EXTERNAL OBLIQUES ARE MORE SUPERFICIAL THAN DEEP!
Definition

EXTERNAL OBLIQUES ARE MORE SUPERFICIAL THAN DEEP!

Term
Linea Alba
Definition
divides the rectus abdominus longitudinally
Term
transverse tendinous inscriptions
Definition
divide rectus abdominis into four repeated segments
Term
diaphragm
Definition
  • separates the abdominopelvic and thoracic cavities
  • major muscle of respiration
  • contraction promotes inspiration
  • relaxation facilitates expiration
  • innervated by phrenic nerve
Term
Hiatal Hernia
Definition
  • movement of upper part of the stomach into the thoracic cavity
  • esophogeal hiatus[image][image]
Term
Muscles of the pelvic floor
Definition
  • extend from the sacrum and coccyx to the ischium and pubis
Term
What are the 3 functions of the muscles of the pelvic floor?
Definition
  1. support the organs of the pelvic cavity
  2. flex the joints of the sacrum and coccyx
  3. control the movements of materials through urethra and anus
Term
Muscular sphincters
Definition
permit voluntary control of urination and defecation
Supporting users have an ad free experience!