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Chapter 10
Blood
83
Anatomy
Undergraduate 1
03/24/2008

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Term

A nonliving luid maxtrix is called what

Definition

plasma

Term
the only fluid tissue in the human body and it is classified as connective tissue
Definition
Blood
Term
Blood has living cells in it which are called what?
Definition
formed elements
Term
Blood has nonlinving cells in it which is called what?
Definition
plasma
Term

what is the red blood cells that functionin oxygen transport?

Definition
Erythrocytes
Term
when you spend down blood you have ____ on the top and ____ on the bottom
Definition

clear stuff (plasma) on the top

 

everything else (formed elements) on the bottom

Term
what is the 1st thing that is checked before you go into surgery?
Definition
your platelet count
Term
what is the thin, whitish layer called at the junction between the formed elements and the plasma?
Definition
buffy coat
Term
white blood cells that act in various ways to protect the body
Definition
leukocytes
Term
cell fragments that functionin the blood-clotting process is called what?
Definition
platelets
Term
Blood is slightly alkaline, with a pH between what?
Definition
7.35 and 7.45
Term
what is the most abundant solutes in plasma?
Definition
plamsa proteins
Term
what is composed of approximately 90% of water and includes many disolved substances?
Definition
Blood plasma
Term
what regulates the osmatic pressure?
Definition
albumin
Term

what is an example of a formed element in blood?

Definition

Leukocytes

Term
what cells is an active phagocyte?
Definition
Neutrophils
Term
what cells produce histamine and are involved in allergic reactions?
Definition
basophils
Term
what term refers to the movement of white blood cells (WBCs) between endothelial cells lining the capillary walls to enter the tissue?
Definition
diapedesis
Term
what are formed elements?
Definition
erythrocytes
Term
a protein in the plams which contributes to the osmotic pressure of blood is?
Definition
albumin
Term
a woman with blood type O has a baby with type O. The father must what type?
Definition

type O

Term
active macrophages that work in long-term cleanup of tissues are called?
Definition
monocytes
Term
although it carries much oxygen, ____ is more attracted to pesticides and carbon monoxide?
Definition
hemoglobin
Term
approximately 55% of blood is what?
Definition
plasma
Term
what is a function of blood?
Definition
to increase fluid loss
Term
how long can red blood cells (RBCs) live?
Definition
as long as 120 days
Term
what occurs when blood clots after a cut?
Definition
thrombin converts fibrin into fibrinogen
Term
fragments of megakaryocytes that rupture into pieces and are responsible for clotting are called?
Definition
platelets
Term
hematopoesis primarily occurs in?
Definition
flat bones and epiphyses of long bones
Term
in a normal hematocrit, the buffy coat accounts for?
Definition
approximately 1% of blood volume
Term
neutrophils, eosinophils and basophils are alike in that they?
Definition
are granulocytes
Term
the fluid that leaks into the tissues from the blood is?
Definition
lymph
Term
the largest of all white blood cell (WBC) is?
Definition
monocyte
Term
what has a very thin rim of cytoplasm and a large spherical nucleus?
Definition
lymphocyte
Term
what white blood cell (WBC) releases histamine at sites of inflammation?
Definition
basophil
Term
unlike red blood cells (RBCs), white blood cells (WBCs) have what?
Definition
a nucleus
Term
when oxygen levels are low, the ____ is stimulated to release what?
Definition

kidney is stimulated

 

and

 

erythropoietin is released

Term
most numerous leukocyte
Definition
neutrophil
Term
eosinophil, basophil and neutrophil are what?
Definition
granular leukocytes
Term
_____ is also called an erythrocyte; anucleate
Definition
red blood cell (RBC)
Term
monocyte and neutrophil are what?
Definition
actively phagocytic leukocytes
Term
monocyte and lymphocyte are what?
Definition
agranular leukocytes
Term
fragments to form platelets?
Definition
megakaryocyte
Term
RBC, megakaryocyte, eosinophil, basophil, monocyte, neutrophil and lymphocyte are examples of what?
Definition
formed elements
Term
increases during allergy attacks
Definition
eosinophil
Term
releases histamine during inflammatory reactions
Definition
basophil
Term
contains hemoglobin
Definition
red blood cell (RBC)
Term
after originating in bone marrow, may be formed in lymphoid tissue
Definition
lymphocyte
Term
primarily water, noncellular; the fluid matrix of blood
Definition
plasma
Term
increases in number during prolonged infections
Definition
monocyte
Term
least numerous leukocyte
Definition
basophil
Term
eosinophil, basophil, monocyte, neutrophil, and lymphocyte are also called what
Definition
white blood cells
Term
white blood cells (WBCs) move into and out of blood vessels by the process of what
Definition
diapedesis
Term
an abnormal decrease in the number of white blood cells is what
Definition
leukopenia
Term
when blood becomes too acid or too basic, both the respiratory sytem and the ____ may be called into action to restore it to its normal pH range.
Definition
kidneys
Term
normal pH range of blood is ____ to 7.45
Definition
7.35
Term
the cardiovascular system of an average adult contains approximately ___ liters of blood
Definition
5.5
Term
blood is circulated through the blood vessels by the pumping action of what?
Definition
the heart
Term
an abnormal increase in the number of white blood cells is what?
Definition
leukocytosis
Term

the normal red blood cells (RBC) count is ___ million/mm3

Definition

4.5-5.5

Term
normal ___ values are in the area of 42%-47% of the volume of whole blood
Definition
hematocrit
Term
an anemia resulting from decreased red blood cell (RBC) number causes the blood to become ___ viscous
Definition
Term
phagocytic agranular white blood cells (WBC) are
Definition
monocytes
Term
the leukocytes particularly important in the immune response are
Definition
lymphocytes
Term
hemorrhage, aerobic exercise, and living at a high altitude serve as stimuli for what?
Definition
erythropoiesis
Term
when a break occurs in a blood vessel wall what begins
Definition
clotting
Term
normally blood clots within how many minutes
Definition

3-6 minutes

Term
___ is the most important natural body anticoagulant
Definition
heparin
Term
what means stoppage of blood flow
Definition
hemostasis
Term
what help to decrease blood loss by constricting the vessel
Definition
serotonin
Term

____ is formation of blood cells

Definition
hematopoiesis
Term
stem cells that give rise to all the formed elements of the blood
Definition
hemocytoblasts
Term
the oxygen-transporting pigment of erythrocytes
Definition
hemoglobin
Term
the most abundant of the white blood cells
Definition
neutrophils
Term
granular white blood cells whose granules readily take up a stain called eosin
Definition
eosinophils
Term

the single layer of simple squamous cells that line the walls of the heart and the vessels that carry blood and lymph

Definition
endothelium
Term
a blood protein that is converted to fibrin during blood clotting
Definition
fibrinogen
Term
the fibrous insoluble protein formed during the clotting of blood
Definition
fibrin
Term

white blood cells whose granules sain deep blue with basic dye; have a relatively pale nucleus and granular appearing cytoplasm

Definition
basophils
Term
one of the irregular cell fragments of blood; involved in clotting
Definition
platelet
Term
large single-nucleus white blood cell; agranular leukocyte
Definition
monocyte
Term
agranular white blood cells formed inthe bone marrow that mature inthe lymphoid tissue
Definition
lymphocytes
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