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| the body of law concerning noncriminal matters, such as business contracts and personal injury. |
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| the body of law concerning felony and misdemeanor offenses by individuals against other persons and property. |
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| classified as A, B, or C, a misdemeanor may be punished by fine and/or jail sentence. |
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| a serious crime punished b fine and prison confinement. |
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| a court's authority to hear a particular case. |
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| the power of a court to hear a case first. |
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| the power of a court to review cases after they have been tried elsewhere. |
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| authority of only one court to hear a particular type of case. |
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| the authority of more than one court to try a case. |
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| city-run courts with jurisdiction primarily over Class C misdemeanors committed within a city's boundaries. |
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| has a court reporter or electronic device to record testimony and proceedings. |
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| elected official who presides over justice of the peace courts. |
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| presided over by a justice of the peace, a small claims court offers an informal and inexpensive procedure for handling damdage claims of $10,000 or less. |
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| probate cases involving wills and guardianships fall under the jurisdiction of county courts and probate courts. |
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| a lawyer's compensation paid from money recovered in a lawsuit. |
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| composed of 12 persons with the qualifications of trial jurors, a grand jury serves from three to six months while it determines if sufficient evidence exists to indict persons accused of committing crimes. |
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| a trial jury of six or 12 members. |
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| a panel of prospective jurors drawn by random selection. These prospective jurors are called veniremen. |
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| courtroom procedure whereby attorneys question prospective jurors to identity any who cannot be fair and impartial. |
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| the injured party who initiates a civil suit or the state in a criminal proceeding. |
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| the person sued in a civil proceeding or prosecuted in a criminal proceeding. |
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| questions a judge gives a trial jury to answer to establish facts in a case. |
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| a jury's decision about a court case. |
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| a judge's written opinion based on a verdict. |
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| depending on the nature of the crime, felonies are graded as first, second, third degree, and state jail; misdemeanors are graded as A, B, and C. |
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| a crime punishable by death or life imprisonment. |
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| criminal behavior that results in reincarceration after a person has been released from confinement for a prior offense. |
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| trials in juvenile courts. |
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| a judicial selection process in which a commission recommends a panel of names to the governor, followed by a one-year or so appointment of a judge before voters determine whether the appointee will be retained for a full term. |
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| Appointment retention system |
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| a merit plan for judicial selection, whereby the governor appoints to fill court vacancy for a trial period after which the judge must win a full term in an uncontested popular election. |
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| Alternative dispute resolution (ADR) |
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| use of mediation, conciliation, or arbitration to resolve disputes among individuals without resorting to a regular court trial. |
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