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| Naval officer, writer, teacher and philosopher of the new imperialism of the 1890s; he stressed the need for naval power to drive expansion and establish America's place in the world as a great power. |
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| The leaders who constructed the Treaty of Versailles: Woodrow Wilson (US), Georges Clemenceau (France), David Lloyd George (Britain) and Vittorio Orlando (Italy). |
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| Teddy's method for achieving American goals in the Carribean; it featured the threat and use of military force to promote America's commercial supremacy to limit European intervention in the region and protect the Panama Canal. |
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| Taft's policy that encouraged American business and financial interests to invest in Latin American countries to achieve US economic and foreign policy goals and maintain control. |
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| Wilson's vision for the world after WWI; it called for free trade, self-determination of all peoples, freedom of the seas, open diplomacy and a League of Nations. They were not harsh enough to Germany for the other Allies to accept. |
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| Naval hero of the Spanish-American War; his fleet defeated the Spanish at Manila Bay and gave the US a tenuous claim to the Philippines. |
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| Chairman of the Foreign Relations Committee who accepted the Treaty of Versailles and membership in the League of Nations but demanded reservations to the League to maintain Congressional Authority in foreign affairs. |
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| Historian and Expansionist that said that the US was destined to spread over "every land on the earth's surface." |
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| Secretary of state in the McKinley and Teddy administrations; he authored the Open Door Notes which attempted to protect China from foreign annexation. |
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| American commander in France during WWI; his nickname "Black Jack" resulted from his command of black troops earlier in his career. Before going to France, Pershing led American incursion into Mexico in 1916 in a failed attempt to capture Mexican revolutionary Pancho Villa. |
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| Expansionist who blended racist and religious reasons to justify American expansion in the 1880s and 1890s; he saw the Anglo-Saxon race as trained by God to expand throughout the world and spread Christianity along the way. |
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| British passenger liner sunk by a German submarine in May 1915; among the 1200 deaths were 128 Americans. This was the first major crisis between the US and Germany and a stepping-stone for American involvement in WWI. |
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| US battleship sent to Havana in early 1898 to protect American interests; it blew up mysteriously in February killer 266 men. American newspapers blamed the Spanish helping to cause the war. In 1976, it was discovered that the ship blew up accidentally. |
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HAWAII.
Popular name for the government American sugar planters in Hawaii set up in 1894 after they overthrew the Hawaiian monarch. The rebels immediately sought annexation to the US and in 1898, Congress, with President McKinley's approval, made Hawaii a territory of the US. |
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| An amendment added to Cuba's constitution to provide that Cuba would make no treaties that compromised its independence or granted concessions to other countries without US approval. It was abrogated in 1934. |
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| Addendum to the Monroe Doctrine issued after the Dominican Republic got into financial trouble with several European nations; the US assumed the right to intervene in Latin American countries to promote "civilized" behavior and protect American interests. |
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| Part of the declaration of war against Spain in which Congress pledged that Cuba would be freed and not annexed by the US as a result of the conflict. |
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| Spanish governor in charge of suppressing the Cuban revolution; his brutal "reconcentration" tactics earned him the nickname the "Butcher" in America's yellow press. |
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| Led a group of senators who were irreconcilably opposed to joining the League of Nations; he promoted ideals of traditional isolationism and believed the league was "an entangling foreign alliance." |
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| Sensational newspaper stories from Joseph Pulitzer's New York World and William Randoph Hearst's NY Journal that stirred Americans against Spanish rule in Cuba; this media coverage proved a force for war in 1898. |
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| A secret German proposal to Mexico for an alliance against the US; Germany offered to help Mexico get back territories it lost to the US in 1848. Britain alerted the Wilson administration to the plan, and Mexico refused the idea. |
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