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Chapter 10 Test
The American Journey Chapter 10
40
History
8th Grade
09/16/2006

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Term
Industrial Revolution
Definition
The change from an agrarian society to one based on industry which began in Great Britain and spread to the United States in 1800
Term
Capitalism
Definition
The economic system of the United States, where people put their capital into a business in hopes of making a profit
Term
Capital
Definition
money
Term
Free Enterprise
Definition
another term used to describe the american economy, where people are free to buy, sell, and produce whatever they want.
Term
Technology
Definition
scientific discoveries that simplify work
Term
Eli Whitney
Definition
Invented the cotton gin
Term
Cotton Gin
Definition
a simple machine that quickly and efficiently removed the seeds from the cotton fiber
Term
Patent
Definition
gives an inventor the sole legal right to the invention and its profits for a certain period of time.
Term
Samuel Slater
Definition
Memorized the design of Richard Arkwright's machines for cotton threads, and built them in the United States.
Term
Francis Cabot Lowell
Definition
Invented the Factory System
Term
Lowell Girls
Definition
Young women who worked in Lowell's factories
Term
Factory System
Definition
a system bringin manufacturing steps together in one place to increase efficiency
Term
interchangeable parts
Definition
Eli Whitney's identical machine parts that could be quickly put together to makea a complete product
Term
The percentage of farmers in America in the 1820s
Definition
65%
Term
Corporation
Definition
a large business that sells stocks
Term
stock
Definition
shares of ownership in a company
Term
Second Bank of the United States
Definition
chartered for 20 years, had the power to make large loans to businesses.
Term
Cause: The Growth of factories are spread
Definition
Effect: Cities started modernizing
Term
Census
Definition
The official count of the population
Term
Population of America in 1790
Definition
4 Million
Term
Population of America in 1820
Definition
10 million
Term
turnpike
Definition
toll road
Term
National Road
Definition
A road that runs through the country
Term
Robert Fulton
Definition
The inventor of the steamboat
Term
Clermont
Definition
Fulton's Steamboat
Term
canal
Definition
artificial waterway
Term
locks
Definition
separate compartments where water levels were raised or lowered
Term
Erie Canal
Definition
The 363-mile canal that ran from the Hudson River to Buffalo
Term
Four new states between 1791 and 1803
Definition
Vermont, Kentucky, Tennessee, and Ohio
Term
Five new states between 1816 and 1821
Definition
Indiana, Illinois, Mississippi, Alabama, and Missouri
Term
The Era of Good Feelings
Definition
When Political Differences faded away after the War of 1812
Term
Sectionalism
Definition
loyalty to their region
Term
State Sovereignty
Definition
Calhaun's idea that states have autonompus power
Term
The Missouri Compromise
Definition
When the southerners wanted Missouri to be a slave state, and the northerners wanted it to be a free state, they compromised by banning slavery above 36/30 degrees parallel.
Term
The American System
Definition
Henry Clay's policies, which include a protective tariff, a program of internal improvements, and the building of roads and canals
Term
McCulloch v. Maryland
Definition
The supreme court case where the state of Maryland taxed the second national bank - a federal institution. Chief Justice John Marshal ruled that Maryland had no right to tax the bank, because it was a federal institution
Term
disarmament
Definition
the removal of weapons
Term
demilitarized border
Definition
a border without armed forces
Term
Bolivar and San Martin
Definition
Achieved independence from spain for South American countries
Term
The Monroe Doctrine
Definition
President Monroe's declaration that nobody is allowed to colonize in the New World anymore.
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