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Chapter 1 Organization of the Body Part 1
Vocabulary Terms from Chapter 1 of Mader's Understanding Anatomy and Physiology 6th Edition
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Anatomy
Undergraduate 1
08/31/2010

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Term
anatomy
Definition
the branch of science that deals with the structure of body parts
Term
physiology
Definition
the branch of science that studies how body parts function
Term
atoms
Definition
submicroscopic particles
Term
molecules
Definition
made up of atoms
Term
macromolecules
Definition
made up of molecules
Term
organelles
Definition
composed of macromolecules
Term
cells
Definition
basic units of living things
Term
tissue
Definition
composed of similar cells and performs a specific function
Term
organ
Definition
composed of several types of tissues and performs a particular function in an organ system
Term
organ system
Definition
system that contains organs
Term
organism
Definition
made up of all of the body systems together
Term
anterior (ventral)
Definition
a body part is located toward the front; the windpipe (trachea) is anterior to the esophagus
Term
posterior (dorsal)
Definition
a body part is located toward the back; the heart is posterior to the sternum (breastbone)
Term
superior
Definition
a body part is located above another part, or toward the head; the face is superior to the neck
Term
inferior
Definition
a body part is below another part, or toward the feet; the naval is inferior to the chin
Term
medial
Definition
a body part is nearer than another part to an imaginary midline of the body; the bridge of the nose is medial to the eyes
Term
lateral
Definition
a body part is farther away from the midline; the eyes are lateral to the nose
Term
proximal
Definition
a body part is closer to the point of attachment or closer to the trunk; the elbow is proximal to the hand
Term
distal
Definition
a body part is farther from the point of attachment or farther from the trunk or torso; the hand is distal to the elbow
Term
superficial (external)
Definition
a body part is located near the surface; the skin is superficial to the muscles
Term
deep (internal)
Definition
the body part is located away from the surface; the intestines are deep to the spine
Term
central
Definition
a body part is situated at the center of the body or an organ; the central nervous system is located along the main axis of the body
Term
peripheral
Definition
a body part is situated away from the center of the body or an organ; the peripheral nervous system is locate outside the central nervous system
Term
ipsilateral
Definition
a body part is on the same side of the body as another body part; the right hand is ipsilateral to the right foot
Term
contralateral
Definition
a body part is on the opposite side of the body from another body part; the right hand is contralateral to the left hand
Term
axial portion
Definition
includes the head, neck, and trunk
Term
appendicular portion
Definition
includes the limbs, upper and lower
Term
sagittal (median) plane
Definition
extends lengthwise and divides the body into right and left portions
Term
frontal (coronal) plane
Definition
extends lengthwise, but is perpendicular to a sagittal plane and divides the body or an organ into anterior and posterior portions
Term
transverse (horizontal) plane
Definition
perpendicular to the body's long axis and therefore divides the body horizontally to produce a cross section. a transverse cut divides the body or an organ into superior and inferior portions
Term
viscera
Definition
organs in a cavity
Term
cranial cavity
Definition
enclosed by the bony cranium, contains the brain
Term
vertebral canal
Definition
enclosed by vertebrae, contains the spinal cord
Term
meninges
Definition
three membranous layers that line the posterior body cavity, the innermost of the meninges is tightly bound to the surface of the brain and the spinal cord, the space between this layer and the next layer is filled with cerebrospinal fluid
Term
thoracic cavity
Definition
superior subdivision of the large anterior body cavity
Term
abdominopelvic cavity
Definition
inferior subdivision of the large anterior body cavity
Term
diaphragm
Definition
muscular partition that separates the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities
Term
serous membranes
Definition
membranes that line the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities
Term
serum
Definition
secretes from the serous membranes, it is a fluid that remains if all of the clotting proteins are removed from the blood
Term
parietal serous membrane
Definition
lines the cavity
Term
visceral serous membrane
Definition
membrane that comes in direct contact with the outside of the organ
Term
serous fluid
Definition
liquid that is found between the parietal serous membrane and the visceral serous membrane
Term
mediastinum
Definition
the medial portion of the thoracic cavity, contains the heart, thymus gland, trachea, esophagus, and other structures
Term
visceral pleura
Definition
the serous membrane that covers the lung tissue
Term
parietal pleura
Definition
lines the thoracic cavity
Term
visceral pericardium
Definition
covers the heart
Term
parietal pericardium
Definition
lines the cavity around pericardial cavity
Term
pericardial cavity
Definition
contains the heart
Term
abdominal cavity
Definition
superior portion of the abdominopelvic cavity
Term
pelvic cavity
Definition
inferior portion of the adominopelvic cavity
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