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| a triangular-shaped landform made by mud and silt deposited at a rivers mouth |
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| What was the climate of ancient Africa in 5000 b.c., 4000 b.c., and 2500 b.c.? |
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5000b.c.- a land of flowing rivers, lush and green pastures, and forests. 4000b.c - rain fell less often and average temperatures had risen. 2500b.c. - rivers dried ip and fertile pasture lands became bare and bleak. Very hot and dry like it is today. |
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| They lived in present-day Nigeria. They were the first West Africans to make iron. |
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| How did the Nok make iron? |
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| they placed rockis rich in iron ore in a clay furnace with charcoal. Then they heated the mixture to a high enough temperature to liquefy it. |
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| When was Jenne-jeno inhabited? |
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| What happened yearly to the Jenne-jeno because they lived on a delta? |
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| The Niger flooded the plain, and when waters fell back, they left behind rich, moist soil ideal for farming. |
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| What were most of the Jenne-jeno? |
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| By what year was the Jenne-jeno completely abandoned? |
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| Ghana was an ancient agricultural kingdom of the ?. |
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Why was the Soninke king worshipped? |
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| For being king he was considered a god. |
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| What did the Ghanians trade mostley? |
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| What is the captial of Ghana? |
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| What did Koumbi's market people mostley sell and buy? |
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Ivory, cattle, dates, cloth, honey, and ebony |
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| What was Koumbi seperated buy? Which relgions? |
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| Soninke religon, and Islam religon. |
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| What did the Soninke houses look like? Islam? |
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Soninke- a walled city, and most of its one-story houses were made of clay or wood, with straw roofs. The king lived in this section in a large wood and stone palace. Muslims- had 12 mosques and homes of muslim traders. Buildings constructed of stone and some had two stories. This was home to the huge Koumbi market place |
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| In the ?, as trade in West Africa grew more profiatable, many ? merchants came to live in Ghana. |
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| What did Arab traders bring to Ghana? |
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| The first number and writing system to West Africa |
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| Who were among the first converts to Islam? |
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| people from southern Sahara, who served as middlemen in trade between Arab caravans and Wangara gold mines. |
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| What is Matrilineal succssesion? |
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| This system is through the females of the family. |
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| What is patrilineal sucssesion? |
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| This system is through the males of the family |
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| What did the Ghanas use? Muslims? (patrilineal or Matrilineal) |
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Soninke- matrilineal Muslims- patrilineal |
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What reigon did the Berbers rule? |
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| By when were the Ghanans forced tribute from the Sanhaja's southermost trade, center in what town? |
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| In what years did the Soninke regain control over the Almoravids? |
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| Which king wanted to rebuild Ghana's empire, and ruled one of the kingdoms? |
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| In what year did king Sumanguru over throw the soninke king? |
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| A new kingdom called ?, ruled by the Mandinke, was steadily gaining power. |
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| In what year did the king of Mali defeat Sumanguru and Mali replaced Ghana as the major power in West Africa. |
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| Who became king of the new empire Mali? |
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| What was the last battle Sundiata faught in? |
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| His soliders cleared land for farming what? |
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| rice, yams, onions, beans, grains, and cotton. |
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| What was Mali's economy based on? |
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| Where and what mine did mali control? |
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| Salt mines in the north Taghaza and copper mines in the east at Takedda. |
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| Who was Mali's greatest ruler and when did he succeed to the throne? |
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What religon did Mansa Musa convert to? |
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