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Chaper 9 Nervous System
N/A
62
Anatomy
Not Applicable
07/11/2011

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Cards

Term
What are the 3 types of neurons?
Definition

1. sensory/afferent

2. motor/efferent

3. interneurons

Term
What transmit impulses to the brain and spinal cord?
Definition
sensory neurons/afferent neurons
Term
A nerve impulse can also be called an?
Definition
Action Potential
Term
A nerve impulse must be initiated by a?
Definition
Stimulus
Term
What is white matter?
Definition
Myelinated
Term
What is gray matter?
Definition
Unmyelinated
Term
The brain and spinal cord belong to what division of the nervous system?
Definition
CNS
Term
This type of cell does NOT transmit impulses within the nervous system, but are supporting cells.
Definition
Glia
Term
Neurotransmitters are released at the ________.
Definition
Synapse
Term
Why does a neuron at rest have more of a positive charge on the OUTSIDE of the cell membrane?
Definition
More sodium on the outside of the cell.
Term
What is an effector? How does it relate to a nervous impulse?
Definition
An effector is the site where we see actions because of an impulse; neurotransmitter change at effector site.
Term
What is depolarization?
Definition
Nerve impulse;Action Potential
Term
What is taking place in the neuron during depolarization?
Definition
Movement of electricity through Schwann Cells; Sodium moving in.
Term
What is the importance of a neurotransmitter?
Definition
Chemical that allows neurons to communicate.
Term
What is a neurotransmitter?
Definition
Chemicals by which neurons communicate.
Term
Explain what steps occur once an action potential reaches a synapse....
Definition

1. Neurotransmitter released across snynaps.

2. Neurotransmitter binds to a receptor on post synaptic neuron.

Term
The autonomic nervous system consists of motor neurons that conduct impulses to what kinds of tissues?
Definition

Cardiac

Smooth

Glandular

Term
These autonomic neurons conduct impulses between the spinal and a ganglion.....
Definition
Preganglionic
Term
These autonomic neurons conduct impulses from a ganglion to an effector site....
Definition
Postganglionic
Term
The sympathetic preganglionic neurotransmitter is?
Definition
ACH (acetylcholine)
Term
The sympathetic postganglionic neurotransmitter is?
Definition
Epi /Nor Epi
Term
The parasympathetic preganglionic neurotransmitter is?
Definition
ACH (acetylcholine)
Term
What are the 2 main divisions of the ANS?
Definition

1. parasympathetic (normal response)

2. sympathetic (stress)

Term
________ is the name of the nervous system division that includes the nerves that extend to the outlying parts of the body.
Definition
PNS
Term
A self-propogating wave of electrical disturbances that travels along the surface of a neuron's plasma membrane is?
Definition
Nerve Impulse
Term
What produces myelin in the PNS?
Definition
Schwann Cells
Term
What produces myelin in CNS?
Definition
Oligodendcyte
Term
Trauma to the CNS is damage to the ______.
Definition
Brain and Spinal Cord
Term
The gaps between myelin segments along an axon are called?
Definition
Nodes of Ranvier
Term
Neurons located within the CNS are called?
Definition
Interneurons
Term
Neuroglia that increase in number during an infection of the CNS are?
Definition
Microgia
Term
Compared to the inside, the outside of the cell membrane of a neuron that is depolarized would be?
Definition
Negative
Term
After action potential the cell membrane is restored to rest by _____ moving back out and _____ moving in.  This is called repolarization.
Definition
Sodium out;potassium in
Term
The region of communication between 2 neurons is the _______.
Definition
Synapse
Term
A neurotransmitter that slows or stops an effector is referred to as an _____.
Definition
Inhibitory
Term
What is the predominate neurotransmitter in the autonomic nervous system?
Definition
ACH(acetylcholine)
Term
Cholinergic fibers release what neurotransmitter?
Definition
ACH (acetylcholine)
Term
Adrenergic fibers function with what division of the nervous system?
Definition
Sympathetic
Term
Our pupils dilate, our stomach motility decreases, our heartbeat speeds up and our bronchioles dilate.  These responses are produced with what division of the nervous system?
Definition
Sympathetic Nervous System
Term
Identify 3 major parts to a neuron and their functions.
Definition

Cell body - integrates information d

Dendrites - brings into cell body

Axon- takes impulse away

Term
The movement of Na and K is classified as what type of transport?
Definition
Sodium Potassium Pump, Active
Term
Afferent is synonymous with what type of neuron?
Definition
Sensory Neuron
Term
Efferent is synonymous with what type of neuron?
Definition
Motor Neuron
Term
What transmit impulses away from the brain and spinal cord?
Definition
Motor Neurons/Efferent Neurons
Term
Glucose is an important nutrient in our body. The neurotransmitter Insulin helps us use glucose for energy. What organic molecule do we have to break down to get glucose molecules?
Definition
Monosacccharides
Term
What functions as an emergency system?
Definition
Sympathetic
Term
A nerve impulse must be initiated by?
Definition
Stimulus
Term
Neurons
Definition

Conduct Impulses

Don't Regenerate

Term
Glia
Definition

Support Cells

Do Not Conduct Impulses

Regenerate

Term
Schwann Cells
Definition

Produce Myelin

Regenerate

Term
Myelin
Definition

White, Fatty Substance

High Speed

Term
Tumor
Definition
Glia out of control
Term
Action Potential
Definition
Nerve Impulse
Term
Nervous System
Definition
Regulates body through electrical impulses
Term
CNS
Definition
Brain and Spinal Cord
Term
PNS
Definition

Autonomic

Somatic (voluntary)

 

Term
Parts of Autonomic
Definition

Parasympathetic (normal)

Sympathetic (stress, fight or flight)

Term
Motor Neuron
Definition
Away from brain or CNS
Term
Sensory Neuron
Definition
Toward brain or CNS
Term
Astrocytes
Definition
Hold blood supply to neurons
Term
Oligodencites
Definition
Produce myelin in CNS
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