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Chap 6
N/A
25
Anatomy
Undergraduate 2
10/06/2013

Additional Anatomy Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Axial skeleton (126 bones) 

 

Definition
Bones of skull, thorax, and vertebral column
Form longitudinal axis of body
Term
Leverage 
Definition
Act as levers with skeletal muscles to move body
Term
Flat bones
 
 
Definition
Thin, roughly parallel surfaces

 

Examples: cranial bones, sternum
Term
Sutural bones (Wormian bones)
 
 
Definition
Irregular bones formed between cranial bones

 

Number, size, and shape vary
Term
Long bones
 
 
Definition
Relatively long and slender

 

Examples: various bones of the limbs
Term
Irregular bones
 
Definition
Complex shapes

 

Examples: vertebrae, bones of pelvis, facial bones
Term
Sesamoid bones
 
 
Definition
Small, flat, and somewhat shaped like sesame seed
Develop in tendons of knee, hands, and feet

 

Individual variation in location and number
Term
Humerus surface features
 

 


Definition
Head (expanded proximal end that forms part of joint)
Tubercle (small, rounded projection)
Sulcus (deep, narrow groove)
Tuberosity (small, rough projection; may occupy broad area)
Diaphysis (shaft; elongated body)
Trochlea (smooth, grooved articular process)
Condyle (smooth, rounded articular process)
Term
Femur surface features
 
 
Definition
Trochanter (large, rough projection)
Head
Neck (narrow connection between head and diaphysis)
Diaphysis
Facet (small, flat articular surface)

 

Condyle
Term
Articular cartilage
 
Definition
Covers portions of epiphysis that form articulations

 

 
Term
Metaphyseal artery/vein
 
 
Definition
Carry blood to/from metaphysis

 

Connects to epiphyseal arteries/veins
Term
Circumferential lamellae (circum-, around + ferre, to bear)

 


Definition
Outer and inner surfaces of compact bone layer
Term
Interstitial lamellae

 


Definition
Fill spaces between osteons
Term
Osteons
 
Definition
Contain central canals (parallel to bone surface)

 

Connected by perforating canals (perpendicular)
Term
Appositional bone growth
 
 
Definition
Increases bone diameter of existing bones

 

Does not form original bones
Term
Periosteum
 
 
Definition
Two layers
Fibrous outer layer

 

Cellular inner layer
Term
Perforating fibers
 
 
Definition
Created by osteoblasts in periosteum cellular layer

 

Strongly connect tendons, ligaments, and joint capsules to bone through periosteum
Term
Secondary ossification centers 
Definition
form as capillaries and osteoblasts migrate into epiphyses
Term
Pituitary growth failure
 
 
Definition
Reduction in growth hormone leads to reduced epiphyseal cartilage activity and short bones

 

Rare due to treatment with synthetic growth hormone
Term
Achondroplasia
 
 
Definition
Epiphyseal cartilage grows unusually slowly
Limbs are short

 

Trunk is normal size
Term
Gigantism

 


Definition
Overproduction of growth hormone before puberty
Term
Acromegaly
 
 
Definition
Growth hormone levels rise after epiphyseal plates close

 

Bones get thicker
Term
Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (FOP)

 

 

Definition
Gene mutation that causes bone deposition around skeletal muscles
Term
Types of fractures (continued)
 
 
Definition
Transverse
Break shaft across long axis
Spiral
Produced by twisting stresses
Spread along length of bone
Displaced
Produce new and abnormal bone arrangements

 

Nondisplaced retain normal alignment
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